Leakage current compensation for high voltage transformers
A method and system for measuring and compensating for a leakage current in a high voltage transformer. Such a method and/or system include the use of a primary winding and a secondary winding, which can be provided on a core of a soft-magnetic material. A current transformer can be placed about the leads to both the terminals of the primary winding. The current transformer can be utilized to reliably measure the leakage current flowing from the secondary winding to the primary winding through one or more amplifiers to a ground terminal. The leakage current flows back to the transformer secondary winding through a low-side current sense resistor. The total current monitor signal can be generated by the low-side current sense resistor and the leakage current measured by the current transformer is vector-subtracted from the total current monitor signal. The result is a current monitor signal fully representative of the high voltage transformer's actual load current.
1. A method comprising:
passing a first current through a primary winding of a voltage transformer to induce a second current on a secondary winding of said voltage transformer via a magnetic core;
coupling to said first current using a current transformer in proximity to said primary winding to generate a primary sense current signal that is representative of said first current
driving a first current sense resistor with said primary sense current signal to create a first voltage representing a magnitude and phase of said current on said primary winding;
driving a second current sense resistor with said second current on said secondary winding to create a second voltage representing a magnitude and phase of said current on said secondary winding; and
vector-subtracting said first and second voltage thereby providing a signal representing a leakage current of said voltage transformer.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said second current sense resistor is placed between a ground and said secondary winding.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising scaling said signal representative of said leakage current.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising configuring said current transformer utilizing formed in a ferrous core.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said voltage transformer is a high voltage transformer.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising utilizing said leakage current signal in a power amplifier circuit.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
configuring said voltage transformer as part of a power amplifier circuit; and
coupling said power amplifier circuit to at least one active amplifier or switch that drives or switches said current to said primary winding.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing a near zero leakage current signal, if said voltage transformer exhibits near ideal transformer characteristics.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein vector subtracting said first voltage from said second voltage using a voltage divider to:
decrease said sensitivity of said system to said leakage current; or
increase said sensitivity of said system to said leakage current.
10. A system comprising:
a current transformer coupled to a first and second terminals of a primary winding of a voltage transformer, to sense a current through said primary winding, said voltage transformer having a secondary winding and a core;
a measuring component to sense a current flowing through, said secondary winding
a vector subtraction circuit to combine said primary sense current with said secondary sense current to represent a current leakage of said transformer;
a scaling component to scale said leakage current of said transformer to a different level.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein said current sense resistor is connected between a ground and a side of said secondary winding.
12. The system of claim 10 wherein said current monitor and said leakage current are measured utilizing an operational amplifier.
13. The system of claim 10 wherein said current transformer comprises at least two conductors routed through a core.
14. The system of claim 10 wherein said voltage transformer is a high voltage transformer.
15. The system of claim 10 wherein said system is connected to a high voltage power amplifier circuit.
16. The system of claim 10 wherein said voltage transformer drives a high voltage power amplifier circuit.
17. The system of claim 5 wherein said high voltage power amplifier is associated with at least one active amplifier that drives or switches one or both ends of said primary winding.
18. The system of claim 15 wherein said primary sense current leakage is vector subtracted from said secondary sense current using a voltage divider to:
scale a measured leakage current of said transformer creating a certain amount of voltage from said primary sense current to adjust a bias of said system; or
scale said primary sense current to prevent changes in an offset present as part of said current monitor signal.
19. A system for compensating for leakage current, comprising:
a voltage transformer having a primary winding, a secondary winding and a core, wherein said voltage transformer accepts an input current on said primary winding;
a current transformer coupled to said primary winding to generate a first sense current based on said input current
a current sense component, to sense a second current which is representative of a current flowing through said secondary winding
a current sense resistor that accepts said second sense current and creates a current sense voltage; and
a vector-subtract module to vector subtract an appropriate magnitude and a phase related to said second sense current from said first sense current thereby providing a signal representative of said leakage current of said high voltage transformer.
20. The system of claim 19 wherein said current transformer comprises at least two conductors routed through a core.