Processes for regenerating sulfur-poisoned, ruthenium and/or ruthenium compound-containing catalysts
View Patent ↗Processes comprising: providing a catalyst comprising a catalytic component selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, ruthenium compounds, and combinations thereof, wherein the catalyst is sulfur-poisoned with one or more sulfur compounds; and treating the catalyst with a gas stream comprising a hydrogen halide under nonoxidative conditions such that the catalyst is regenerated.
1. A catalyst regeneration process consisting essentially of:
providing a catalyst comprising a supported catalytic component selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, ruthenium compounds, and combinations thereof,
wherein the supported catalytic component comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, alumina, zirconium oxide, tin dioxide and mixtures thereof, and
wherein the catalyst is sulfur-poisoned with one or more sulfur compounds; and
treating the catalyst with a gas stream consisting of at least one hydrogen halide and optionally at least one inert gas, such that the catalyst is regenerated;
wherein the catalyst regeneration process is performed in a reaction space where a reaction catalysed by the catalyst is performed, and
wherein the reaction is the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen halide comprises hydrogen chloride.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out at a temperature up to 600° C.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out at a temperature of 200° C. to 500° C.
5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out at a temperature of 200° C. to 500° C.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out at a temperature of 300° C. to 450° C.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out at a pressure of up to 20 bar.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out at a pressure of up to 5 bar.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out at a pressure of up to 1.5 bar.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrogen halide is present in an amount of 0.1 to 100% by volume.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrogen halide is present in an amount of 1 to 30% by volume.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrogen halide is present in an amount of 5 to 25% by volume.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic component comprises a ruthenium compound selected from the group consisting of ruthenium chlorides, ruthenium oxyhalides, ruthenium oxides, and mixtures thereof.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out over a period of 0.5 hour to 100 hours.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out such that the gas stream is passed over the catalyst in a direction opposite to a direction of flow of tile reaction catalyzed by the catalyst.
16. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a gas-phase oxidation catalyst for hydrogen chloride with oxygen.
17. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating the catalyst with the gas stream is carried out intermittently in two or more time intervals and a catalyst property selected from the group consisting of sulfur content, activity and combinations thereof is determined between the two or more time intervals.
18. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more sulfur compounds is selected from the group consisting of H 2 SO 4 , H 2 SO 3 , SO 3 , SO 2 , COS, H 2 S, salts of H 2 SO 4 , H 2 SO 3 , and mixtures thereof.
19. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the support material is titanium dioxide or tin dioxide.
20. A process comprising: providing hydrogen chloride; oxidizing the hydrogen chloride in the gas phase with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalytic component selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, ruthenium compounds, and combinations thereof; and subjecting the catalyst to a regeneration process according to claim 1 .