Low polarity nano silver gels
View Patent ↗A composition that includes an stabilized silver nanoparticles, a gellant and an optional wax. The gellant and the stabilized silver nanoparticles are soluble or dispersable in either an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon solvent, a mineral oil solvent or an alkane solvent.
1. A composition comprising:
alkylamine stabilized silver nanoparticles;
a gellant, and
an optional wax, wherein
the gellant and the stabilized silver nanoparticles are dispersed in a solvent selected from the group consisting of an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, a mineral oil and an alkane, and mixtures thereof,
the composition is such that heating the composition produces a silver element that has a conductivity of from about 10 S/cm to about 10,000 S/cm, and
a concentration of gellant in the composition is from about 0.1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a stabilizer or stabilizers in the alkylamine stabilized silver nanoparticles is an organoamine selected from the group consisting methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, hexadecylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine, tetradecylamine, diaminopentane, diaminohexane, diaminoheptane, diaminooctane, diaminononane, diaminodecane, diaminooctane, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctylamine, dinonylamine, didecylamine, methylpropylamine, ethylpropylamine, propylbutylamine, ethylbutylamine, ethylpentylamine, propylpentylamine, butylpentylamine, tributylamine, trihexylamine, and mixtures thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of alkylamine stabilized silver nanoparticles in the composition is from about 5 weight percent to about 80 weight percent.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gellant is a compound represented by the formula
wherein R 1 and R 2 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom, and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein R 1 and R 2 each represent phenol.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gellant is an ester terminated polyamide gellant.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gellant is a compound represented by the formula
wherein —C 34 H 56+a each independently represents a branched alkylene group and wherein a is an integer from 0 to 12.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gellant is a compound represented by the formula
wherein —C 34 H 56+a — each independently represents a branched alkylene group, a is an integer from 0 to 12 and p is an integer from 2 to 3.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gellant is a compound represented by the formula,
wherein —C 34 H 56+a — each independently represents a branched alkylene group, wherein a is an integer from 0 to 12 and wherein q is an integer from 2 to 3.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gellant is a compound represented by the formula,
wherein —C 34 H 56+a — each independently represents a branched alkylene group, wherein a is an integer from 0 to 12 and wherein r is an integer from 2 to 3.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each of the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon solvent and the alkane solvent have from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkane solvent is dodecane.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises an alcohol having from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms.
14. A method of forming conductive features on a substrate, the method comprising:
providing a composition comprised of alkylamine stabilized silver nanoparticles, a gellant, an optional wax and a solvent;
depositing the composition onto the, substrate; and
heating the composition on the substrate to a temperature from about 120° C. to about 250° C. to form conductive features on the substrate, wherein
the solvent is selected from the group consisting of an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, a mineral oil and an alkane solvent, and mixtures thereof,
the conductivity of the conductive features on the substrate is from about 10 S/cm to about 10,000 S/cm, and
a concentration of gellant in the composition is from about 0.1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the gellant is a compound represented by the formula,
wherein R 1 and R 2 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom, and combinations thereof.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein R 1 and R 2 each represent a phenol.
17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein each of the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon solvent and the alkane solvent having from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms.
18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein a stabilizer in the alkylamine stabilized silver nanoparticles is an organoamine selected from the group consisting methylamine, ethyl amine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, hexadecylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine, tetradecylamine, diaminopentane, diaminohexane, diaminoheptane, diaminooctane, diaminononane, diaminodecane, diaminooctane, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctylamine, dinonylamine, didecylamine, methylpropylamine, ethylpropylamine, propylbutylamine, ethylbutylamine, ethylpentylamine, propylpentylamine, butylpentylamine, tributylamine, trihexylamine and mixtures thereof.
19. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a solubility parameter of less than 21 (MPa) 1/2 .