Optical device with large thermal impedance
Embodiments of an optical device, an array of optical devices, and a technique for fabricating the optical device or the array are described. This optical device is implemented on a substrate (such as silicon), and includes a thermally tunable optical waveguide that has good thermal isolation from its surroundings. In particular, a portion of a semiconductor in the optical device, which includes the optical waveguide, is free standing above a gap between the semiconductor layer and the substrate. By reducing the thermal coupling between the optical waveguide and the external environment, the optical device can be thermally tuned with significantly less power consumption.
1. An optical device, comprising:
a substrate;
an intermediate layer deposited on the substrate, wherein the intermediate layer includes an electrical insulator that electrically insulates the substrate from a semiconductor layer;
the semiconductor layer, deposited on the intermediate layer, that includes a thermally tunable optical waveguide and a via that extends from a top of the semiconductor layer to a bottom of the semiconductor layer which is proximate to the intermediate layer;
wherein a portion of the semiconductor layer is free standing above a gap between the semiconductor layer and the substrate, wherein the gap corresponds to a removed sacrificial portion of the intermediate layer and which is accessible through the via; and
an electrical coupling between the semiconductor layer and a power-supply contact through a bridge over the gap;
wherein another portion of the semiconductor layer is supported by a remaining portion of the intermediate layer; and
wherein the gap increases thermal impedance between the semiconductor layer and the substrate, thereby reducing power consumption associated with thermal tuning of the optical waveguide.
2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes silicon.
3. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer includes an oxide.
4. The optical device of claim 3 , wherein the oxide includes silicon dioxide.
5. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor layer includes silicon.
6. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate, the intermediate layer and the semiconductor layer comprise a silicon-on-insulator technology.
7. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein air is at least partially removed from the gap.
8. The optical device of claim 1 , further comprising a heater defined in the semiconductor layer.
9. The optical device of claim 8 , wherein the heater includes a passive resistor or an active device.
10. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein an electrical coupling between the semiconductor layer and a power-supply contact occurs in the remaining portion of the intermediate layer.
11. The optical device of claim 1 , further comprising a heater, which is in or proximate to the optical waveguide, and which is used to thermally tune the optical waveguide, wherein power consumption by the heater is less than 20 mW for a 180° phase shift in the optical waveguide.
12. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide is included in: an optical filter, an optical multiplexer or an optical de-multiplexer.
13. An array of multiple instances of an optical device, wherein a given instance of the optical device comprises:
a substrate;
an intermediate layer deposited on the substrate, wherein the intermediate layer includes an electrical insulator that electrically insulates the substrate from a semiconductor layer;
the semiconductor layer, deposited on the intermediate layer, that includes a thermally tunable optical waveguide and a via that extends from a top of the semiconductor layer to a bottom of the semiconductor layer which is proximate to the intermediate layer;
wherein a portion of the semiconductor layer is free standing above a gap between the semiconductor layer and the substrate, wherein the gap corresponds to a removed sacrificial portion of the intermediate layer and which is accessible through the via; and
an electrical coupling between the semiconductor layer and a power-supply contact through a bridge over the gap;
wherein another portion of the semiconductor layer is supported by a remaining portion of the intermediate layer; and
wherein the gap increases thermal impedance between the semiconductor layer and the substrate, thereby reducing power consumption associated with thermal tuning of the optical waveguide.
14. The array of optical devices of claim 13 , wherein the gap increases thermal impedance to other instances of the optical device.
15. The array of optical devices of claim 13 , wherein the substrate, the intermediate layer and the semiconductor layer comprise a silicon-on-insulator technology.
16. The array of optical devices of claim 13 , further comprising a heater defined in the semiconductor layer.
17. The array of optical devices of claim 16 , wherein the heater facilitates a programmable temperature in the given instance of the optical device, which can be different from the temperature in one or more other instances of the optical device.
18. The array of optical devices of claim 13 , further comprising a heater, which is in or proximate to the optical waveguide, and which is used to thermally tune the optical waveguide, wherein power consumption by the heater is less than 20 mW for a 180° phase shift in the optical waveguide.
19. A method for fabricating an optical device, comprising:
reducing a thickness of a semiconductor layer in a tri-layer structure, which includes a substrate, an intermediate layer deposited on the substrate, and a semiconductor layer deposited on the intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer includes an electrical insulator that electrically insulates the substrate from the semiconductor layer;
opening a via that extends from a top of the semiconductor layer to a bottom of the semiconductor layer which is proximate to the intermediate layer;
removing a sacrificial portion of the intermediate layer so that a portion of the semiconductor layer is free standing above a gap between the semiconductor layer and the substrate, wherein another portion of the semiconductor layer is supported by a remaining portion of the intermediate layer;
defining a thermally tunable optical waveguide in the semiconductor layer, which is substantially positioned above the gap, thereby reducing power consumption associated with thermal tuning of the optical waveguide; and
fabricating an electrical coupling between the semiconductor layer and a power-supply contact through a bridge over the gap.