Margin determination

1. A method of operating a medical planning and navigation system comprising an imaging device, a computer including a processor and a non-transient memory, and a human viewable display for planning an infusion of a fluid drug, the method comprising:

using the processor of the computer, identifying one or more target regions in a tissue for local delivery of the fluid drug, said identifying comprising:

i) obtaining, via the imaging system, at least one of functional anatomical image data, structural anatomical image data, or functional and structural anatomical image data corresponding to at least one of an edema, a resection cavity, or an edema and a resection cavity, wherein the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data comprises at least one of magnetic resonance (MR) derived data, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) derived data, position emission tomography (PET) derived data, or ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) derived data, the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data being evaluated by image processing techniques two-dimensionally with respect to distribution information contained in the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data; and

ii) using the processor of the computer, evaluating the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data, said evaluating comprising using segmentation techniques to determine at least one of:

a margin around the resection cavity,

a volume of the edema, or

a volume of the edema and a margin around the resection cavity,

the determined at least one of the margin around the resection cavity, the volume of the edema, or the volume of the edema and the margin around the resection cavity being the identified one or more target regions for the local delivery of the fluid drug;

using the processor of the computer, obtaining, from the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data, a rate of change of a concentration of the fluid drug based on an anisotropic diffusion tensor of a molecule of the fluid drug;

using the processor of the computer, computing a pressure profile along an associated delivery device used for the local delivery of the fluid drug, the pressure profile being computed based on a poroelastic model of backflow such that backflow of the fluid drug along an insertion track of the associated delivery device is minimized; and

using the computed pressure profile as a boundary condition for obtaining by the processor of the computer a planned interstitial pressure of the fluid drug to be delivered to the one or more target regions of the tissue.

2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the evaluating the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data comprises:

evaluating the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data by one or more image processing techniques three-dimensionally with respect to distribution information contained in the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data.

3. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the evaluating the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data comprises:

evaluating the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data by one or more image processing techniques over a period of time with respect to distribution information contained in the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data; and

making an adjustment in the distribution information to at least one of anatomical or structural conditions which have changed over the period of time.

4. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising determining a diffusion velocity of the fluid drug using Diffusion Weighted-derived Images in combination with the at least one of the MR derived data, the SPECT derived data, the PET derived data, or the Ultrasound or CT derived data.

5. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising determining the isotropy of flow directions in at least one of the one or more target regions or surrounding tissue by analyzing Diffusion Tensor data in combination with the at least one of the MR derived data, the SPECT derived data, the PET derived data, or the Ultrasound or CT derived data.

6. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising:

calculating a distribution volume for the fluid drug by one or more segmentation techniques from the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data.

7. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising determining the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data three-dimensionally using one or more segmentation techniques.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the identifying the one or more target regions in the tissue comprises identifying one or more target regions of brain tissue, and the method further comprising planning a location for the infusion using medical navigation.

9. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising determining the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data two-dimensionally by one or more segmentation techniques.

10. The method as set forth in claim 9 , further comprising combining a number of two dimensional data sets on the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data using one or more reconstruction techniques to obtain three-dimensional information.

11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the identifying the one or more target regions in the tissue comprises identifying one or more target regions of brain tissue, and the method further comprising planning an introduction of an infusion device at a selected point using stereotactic planning.

12. The method as set forth in claim 11 , further comprising combining the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data with information in an expected distribution of the fluid drug for planning at least one of infusion treatment or navigation.

13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the combining the information comprises overlaying at least one of:

anatomical tissue data,

functional tissue data,

structural tissue data or

functional and structural tissue data

with an expected infusion distribution of the fluid drug.

14. A device for planning an infusion of a fluid drug, the device comprising:

an imaging device configured to image associated tissue and capture at least one of functional anatomical image data, structural anatomical image data, or functional and anatomical image data;

a computer configured to, based on the captured functional anatomical image data, the anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data, perform at least one of:

i) evaluate the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and structural anatomical image data to identify in the associated tissue at least one of advantageous or non-advantageous infusion regions of a fluid drug, wherein the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and anatomical image data comprises at least one of magnetic resonance (MR) derived data, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) derived data, position emission tomography (PET) derived data, or ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) derived data, the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and anatomical image data being evaluated by image processing techniques two-dimensionally with respect to distribution information contained in the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and anatomical image data, or

ii) produce and evaluate a distribution simulation of the fluid drug, the distribution simulation simulating the fluid drug being introduced at particular points relative to the associated tissue; and

a computer-assisted medical planning and navigation system for assisting in positioning an associated infusion device to deliver the fluid drug to one or more target regions, the medical planning and navigation system being configured to assist in the positioning by:

identifying the one or more target regions in the associated tissue for local delivery of the fluid drug, said identifying comprising:

i) obtaining from the imaging device the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and anatomical image data corresponding to at least one of an edema, a resection cavity, or an edema and a resection cavity; and

ii) evaluating the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and anatomical image data corresponding to the at least one of the edema, the resection cavity, or the edema and resection cavity, said evaluating comprising using segmentation techniques to determine at least one of:

a margin around the resection cavity,

a volume of the edema, or

a volume of the edema and a margin around the resection cavity,

the at least one of the margin around the resection cavity, the volume of the edema, or the volume of the edema and the margin around the resection cavity being the one or more target regions for the local delivery of the fluid drug;

obtaining, from the at least one of the functional anatomical image data, the structural anatomical image data, or the functional and anatomical image data, a rate of change of a concentration of the fluid drug based on an anisotropic diffusion tensor of a molecule of the fluid drug;

computing a pressure profile along the associated infusion device used for the local delivery of the fluid drug, the pressure profile being computed based on a poroelastic model of backflow such that backflow of the fluid drug along an insertion track of the associated infusion device is minimized; and

using the computed pressure profile as a boundary condition for obtaining a planned interstitial pressure of the fluid drug to be delivered to the one or more target regions of the tissue.

15. The device as set forth in claim 14 , wherein the imaging device, the computer, and the medical planning and navigation system are operatively connected with each other via data connections for a constant retrievable exchange of data.

16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the using the one or more segmentation techniques comprises using one or more region-growing-based methods.