Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof

1. A compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein, independently at each occurrence,

X is selected from —C(R 6 ,R 14 )—Y—, and —C(R 13 )═CH—;

Y is selected from a direct bond, O, S, and C 1 -C 4 alkylene;

R 13 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, aryl, and benzyl;

R 1 and R 2 , when taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are directly attached in formula (I), form a ring denoted by formula (II):

wherein the ring of formula (II) is formed from the nitrogen as shown as well as three to nine additional ring atoms independently selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; where any two adjacent ring atoms may be joined together by single or double bonds, and where any one or more of the additional carbon ring atoms may be substituted with one or two substituents selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 3 hydroxyalkyl, oxo, C 2 -C 4 acyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkylcarboxy, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 1 -C 20 alkanoyloxy, or may be substituted to form a spiro five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms selected from oxygen and sulfur; and any two adjacent additional carbon ring atoms may be fused to a C 3 -C 8 carbocyclic ring, and any one or more of the additional nitrogen ring atoms may be substituted with substituents selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 4 acyl, C 2 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl and C 3 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl;

R 3 and R 4 are independently attached to the cyclohexane ring shown in formula (I) at the 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-positions and are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy;

R 5 , R 6 and R 14 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, aryl and benzyl; and

A is selected from formulae (IV) and (V):

where R 10 and R 11 are independently selected from bromine, chlorine, fluorine, carboxy, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, methanesulfonamido, nitro, sulfamyl, trifluoromethyl, C 2 -C 7 alkanoyloxy, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 2 -C 7 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 thioalkyl, and N(R 15 ,R 16 ) where R 15 and R 16 are independently selected from hydrogen, acetyl, methanesulfonyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl;

including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

2. A compound according to claim 1 having formula (IX), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein, independently at each occurrence,

X is selected from —C(R 6 ,R 14 )—Y—, and —C(R 13 )═CH—;

Y is selected from a direct bond, O and S; and

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 14 and A are defined as in claim 1 ;

including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

3. A compound of claim 1 having formula (X), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein, independently at each occurrence,

X is selected from —C(R 6 ,R 14 )—Y—, and —C(R 13 )═CH—;

Y is selected from a direct bond, O, and S;

R 1 , R 2 , R 6 , R 13 and R 14 are defined as in claim 1 ;

R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; and

A is as defined in claim 1 ;

including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

4. A compound of claim 1 having formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein, independently at each occurrence,

R 1 and R 2 are defined as in claim 1 ;

R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methoxy; and

A is as defined in claim 1 ;

including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

5. A compound of claim 1 having formula (XII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein, independently at each occurrence,

R 1 and R 2 are defined as in claim 1 ;

R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methoxy; and

A is as defined in claim 1 ;

including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

6. A compound of claim 1 having formula (XIII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein, independently at each occurrence,

X is selected from —C(R 6 ,R 14 )—Y— and —CH═CH—;

Y, R 1 , R 2 , R 6 and R 14 are defined as in claim 1 ;

R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methoxy; and

A is as defined in claim 1 , where R 10 and R 11 are hydrogen;

including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

7. A compound of claim 1 having formula (XIV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein, independently at each occurrence,

R 1 and R 2 are defined as in claim 1 ; and

A is as defined in claim 1 , wherein R 10 and R 11 are hydrogen;

including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

8. A compound of claim 1 having formula (XV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein, independently at each occurrence,

R 1 and R 2 are defined as in claim 1 ; and

A is as defined in claim 1 , wherein R 10 and R 11 are hydrogen;

including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

9. A compound of claim 1 having formula (XVI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein, independently at each occurrence,

X is selected from trans-CH═CH—, —CH 2 — and —CH 2 —O—;

R 1 and R 2 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from pyrrolidinyl, 2-ketopyrrolidinyl, 3-ketopyrrolidinyl, 2-acetoxypyrrolidinyl, 3-acetoxypyrrolidinyl, 2-hydroxypyrrolidinyl, 3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, 2-ketopiperidinyl, 3-ketopiperidinyl, 4-ketopiperidinyl, acetylpiperazinyl, 1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]non-7-yl, hexahydroazepinyl, morpholinyl, N-methylpiperazinyl and 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanyl; and

A is selected from 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl;

including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

10. A compound, or mixture comprising compounds, selected from the group consisting of:

(+)-trans-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(2-naphthenethoxy)]cyclohexane;

(−)-trans-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(2-naphthenethoxy)]cyclohexane;

(+)-trans-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(1-naphthenethoxy)]cyclohexane;

(−)-trans-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(1-naphthenethoxy)]cyclohexane;

(+)-trans-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-[2-(2-naphthoxy)ethoxy)]cyclohexane;

(−)-trans-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-[2-(2-naphthoxy)ethoxy)]cyclohexane;

(+)-trans-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-(1-naphthenethoxy)]cyclohexane;

(−)-trans-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-(1-naphthenethoxy)]cyclohexane;

(1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-(3-ketopyrrolidinyl)-1-(1-naphthenethoxy)cyclohexane;

(1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-(1-acetylpiperazinyl)-1-(2-naphthenethoxy)cyclohexane;

(1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]non-7-yl]-1-(1-naphthenethoxy)cyclohexane;

(1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-(3-acetoxypyrrolidinyl)-1-(1-naphthenethoxy)cyclohexane; and

(1R,2S)/(1S,2R)-2-(3-ketopyrrolidinyl)-1-(1-naphthenethoxy)cyclohexane; and

including isolated enantiomeric and diastereomeric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

11. A composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 - 10 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.