Multi-stage catalytic air purification system
Apparatus and methods for the production of a secure supply of breathable air are important under conditions where threats from chemical and biological weapons may be present. A method and a multi-stage CATOX system for producing a purified air flow from ambient air which may have nitrogen containing toxicants is provided. The multi-stage CATOX system has a first stage and second stage, at least one of the first or the second stage has a first catalytic heat exchanger with a cold side supporting a first catalyst and a hot side configured to transfer heat therefrom to the first catalyst.
1. A method for producing a purified air flow from ambient air that contains nitrogen-containing toxicants, the method comprising:
heating an incoming flow of the ambient air with a first heat exchanger to produce a heated ambient air, the first heat exchanger being a plate cross-flow heat exchanger;
contacting the heated ambient air, at a first temperature between about 200° C. to about 300° C., with a first catalyst;
converting a first portion of the nitrogen-containing toxicants in the heated ambient air with said first catalyst to provide a heated first effluent within which greater than 50% of the nitrogen-containing toxicants have been converted to nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide;
contacting the heated first effluent, at a second temperature above 300° C., with a second catalyst, wherein the second catalyst is the same or different from the first catalyst;
oxidizing a second portion of the nitrogen-containing toxicants in the heated first effluent with said second catalyst to provide a second effluent;
removing acid gas and nitrogen-containing compounds in said second effluent with a post treatment filter to produce a third effluent;
cycling the third effluent to the first heat exchanger;
exchanging heat between the third effluent and the incoming flow of ambient air; and
discharging the third effluent from the first heat exchanger.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein converting said first portion of the toxicants comprises converting at least 90% of said nitrogen-containing toxicants into nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said first catalyst converts nitrogen-containing toxicants at said first temperature to minimize a production of acid gas.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst is located in one of the first heat exchanger and a first catalytic reactor downstream of the first heat exchanger.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
heating the ambient air occurs in the first heat exchanger; and
contacting the heated ambient air occurs in a first catalytic reactor.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the ambient air and contacting the heated ambient air both occur in the first heat exchanger.