Method and apparatus for electrical stimulation of meat
A method of tenderizing meat on a poultry carcass includes defeathering the poultry carcass, and subsequently applying a pulsed electrical voltage across the poultry carcass. The electrical voltage can be sufficient to impart an electrical current across the poultry carcass that is at least about 350 milliamps. An apparatus for tenderizing meat on a poultry carcass is also discussed.
1. A method of tenderizing meat on a poultry carcass, comprising:
defeathering the poultry carcass; and
subsequently applying a pulsed electrical voltage across the poultry carcass, wherein the pulsed electrical voltage is sufficient to impart an electrical current across the poultry carcass that is at least about 350 milliamps.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
applying a constant or pulsed electrical voltage across the poultry carcass prior to defeathering the poultry carcass.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulsed electrical voltage imparts an electrical current across the poultry carcass ranging from about 350 milliamps to about 450 milliamps.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulsed electrical voltage is greater than about 200 volts AC.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulsed electrical voltage is applied in at least five pulses.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein each pulse lasts between about 0.6 seconds and about 1 seconds.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein each pulse is separated from a subsequent pulse by a rest period of between about 0.3 seconds and about 1 seconds.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein each pulse is about one second long.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein each pulse is separated from a subsequent pulse by a rest period of about one second.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulsed electrical voltage imparts tearing to at least some muscle tissue on the poultry carcass.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the tearing is on a cellular level only.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying a pulsed electrical voltage across the poultry carcass lasts less than about 21 seconds.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulsed electrical voltage is between about 14 Amps and about 31 Amps.
14. An apparatus for tenderizing meat on a poultry carcass, comprising:
a conveyor adapted to transport at least one poultry carcass along a processing path;
a defeathering station located along the processing path; and
an electrical stimulator located along the processing path downstream of the defeathering station, the electrical stimulator comprising:
at least a first conductor adapted to contact the poultry carcass; and
a voltage generator connected to the first conductor, the voltage generator adapted to generate a pulsed voltage through the poultry carcass when the poultry carcass is in contact with the first conductor, wherein the voltage is sufficient to impart an electrical current across the poultry carcass that is at least about 350 milliamps.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising:
a second electrical stimulator located along the processing path upstream of the defeathering station.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the second electrical stimulator is adapted to generate a constant or pulsed voltage through the poultry carcass.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the first voltage generator is adapted to generate a pulsed voltage that imparts an electrical current across the poultry carcass ranging from about 400 milliamps to about 450 milliamps.
18. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the first voltage generator is adapted to generate a pulsed voltage of at least about 200 volts AC.
19. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the first conductor comprises a round rod extending along the processing path.
20. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the electrical stimulator occupies less than about 25 feet of length of the conveyor.