Optical device for measuring a physical parameter in a hydrogen contaminated sensing zone
A signal processing apparatus which has an input for receiving a signal conveying a response from first and second optical components to an optical excitation. The first and second optical components are in an optical sensor which is intended to be placed in a sensing zone. The sensing zone contains hydrogen susceptible to migrate into the optical sensor. The signal processing apparatus has a processing entity for processing the response from the first and second optical components to derive information on hydrogen concentration in the optical sensor.
1. A system for measuring a physical parameter, comprising:
(a) an optical sensor for installation in a hydrogen-contaminated sensing zone, the optical sensor being configured to measure the physical parameter in the sensing zone, the optical sensor comprising:
(i) an optical path; and
(ii) first and second optical elements in the optical path, the first and second optical elements being spaced from each other along a direction of an optical excitation configured to propagate in the optical path by a distance that does not exceed in size the sensing zone, such that:
(1) hydrogen ingression in the optical path affects the first and second optical elements in substantially the same way; and
(2) the first and second optical elements remain at about the same temperature, wherein the first and second optical elements are configured for interacting with the optical excitation propagating in the optical path to generate an optical response also propagating in the optical path, the optical response including a first component which conveys a response of the first optical element to the optical excitation and a second component that conveys a response of the second optical element to the optical excitation, the hydrogen ingression in the optical path inducing an error in the measurement of the physical parameter conveyed by the optical response; and
(b) a signal processing apparatus having an input coupled to the optical path receiving the optical response, the signal processing apparatus including a processor being configured to use an iterative process to derive, from the first and the second components, an adjusted measurement of the physical parameter in the sensing zone adjusted for the error using:
(i) absorption loss due to the hydrogen ingression in the optical path; and
(ii) a hydrogen concentration value in the sensing zone, wherein the iterative process updates the hydrogen concentration value and the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter.
2. The system as defined in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the optical path is defined by a continuous length of optical fiber, the first optical element and the second optical element being located in the continuous length of the optical fiber.
3. The system as defined in claim 2 , wherein the processor is configured to derive the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error by using as a factor a degree of attenuation induced by the optical sensor on an optical signal propagating through the optical sensor.
4. The system as defined in claim 3 , wherein the processor is configured to derive the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error by using as a factor a degree of attenuation induced by the first optical element on the optical signal propagating through the optical sensor.
5. The system as defined in claim 4 , wherein the first optical element is configured to reflect a first predetermined wavelength range from the optical excitation.
6. The system as defined in claim 5 , wherein the processor is configured to derive the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error by using as a factor a degree of attenuation induced by the first optical element in the first predetermined wavelength range.
7. The system as defined in claim 6 , wherein the second optical element is configured to reflect a second predetermined wavelength range from the optical excitation.
8. The system as defined in claim 7 , wherein the processor is configured to derive the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error by using as a factor a degree of attenuation induced by the second optical element in the second predetermined wavelength range.
9. The system as defined in claim 8 , wherein the first predetermined wavelength range is different from the second predetermined wavelength range.
10. The system as defined in claim 1 , wherein the physical parameter is temperature.
11. The system as defined in claim 1 , wherein the physical parameter is strain.
12. The system as defined in claim 1 , wherein the physical parameter is pressure.
13. A method for measuring a physical parameter in a hydrogen-contaminated sensing zone, the method comprising:
(a) introducing an optical excitation into an optical sensor to generate an optical response, wherein the optical sensor is in the sensing zone, the optical sensor comprising:
(i) first and second optical elements responsive to an intensity of the physical parameter acting on the optical sensor; and
(ii) an optical path susceptible to hydrogen contamination as a result of migration of hydrogen present in the sensing zone into the optical path, wherein:
(1) the first and second optical elements are spaced from each other along a direction of the optical excitation propagating in the optical path by a distance that does not exceed in size the sensing zone;
(2) the optical response is generated when the optical excitation interacts with the first and second optical elements, the optical response conveying an intensity measurement of the physical parameter and including a first component which conveys a response of the first discrete optical element to the optical excitation and a second component that conveys a response of the second discrete optical element to the optical excitation; and
(3) hydrogen ingression in the optical path is configured to induce an error in the measurement of the physical parameter conveyed by the optical response; and
(b) processing the optical response by deriving from the optical response an adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error, wherein the deriving comprises using an iterative process to derive from the first and the second components the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter in the sensing zone adjusted for the error using:
(i) absorption loss due to the hydrogen ingression in the optical path; and
(ii) a hydrogen concentration value in the sensing zone, wherein the iterative process updates the hydrogen concentration value and the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter.
14. The method for measuring a physical parameter as defined in claim 13 , wherein both the first and the second optical elements are exposed to substantially the same degree of hydrogen contamination.
15. The method for measuring a physical parameter as defined in claim 13 , wherein both the first and the second optical elements are exposed to substantially the same temperature in the sensing zone.
16. The method for measuring a physical parameter as defined in claim 13 , wherein the first and second optical elements include gratings.
17. The method as defined in claim 16 , wherein deriving the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error comprises using as a factor a degree of attenuation induced by the first optical element and a degree of attenuation induced by the second optical element, on an optical signal propagating through the optical sensor.
18. The method as defined in claim 13 , wherein the physical parameter is temperature.
19. The method as defined in claim 13 , wherein the physical parameter is strain.
20. The method as defined in claim 13 , wherein the physical parameter is pressure.
21. The method of claim 13 , further comprising operating a well according to the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter, the well containing the hydrogen-contaminated sensing zone.
22. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for measuring a physical parameter in a hydrogen-contaminated sensing zone, the computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations comprising:
(a) introducing an optical excitation into an optical sensor to generate an optical response, wherein the optical sensor is in the sensing zone, the optical sensor comprising:
(i) first and second optical elements responsive to an intensity of the physical parameter acting on the optical sensor; and
(ii) an optical path susceptible to hydrogen contamination as a result of migration of hydrogen present in the sensing zone into the optical path, wherein:
(1) the first and second optical elements are spaced from each other along a direction of the optical excitation propagating in the optical path by a distance that does not exceed in size the sensing zone;
(2) the optical response is generated when the optical excitation interacts with the first and second optical elements, the response conveying an intensity of the physical parameter and including a first component which conveys a response of the first optical element to the optical excitation and a second component that conveys a response of the second optical element to the optical excitation; and
(3) hydrogen ingression in the optical path is configured to induce an error in the intensity of the physical parameter conveyed by the optical response; and
(b) processing the optical response by deriving from the optical response an adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error, wherein the deriving comprises using an iterative process to derive from the first and the second components the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter in the sensing zone adjusted for the error using:
(i) absorption loss due to the hydrogen ingression in the optical path; and
(ii) a hydrogen concentration value in the sensing zone, wherein the iterative process updates the hydrogen concentration value and the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter.
23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 22 , wherein at least a portion of the optical path is defined by a continuous length of optical fiber, the first optical element and the second optical element being located in the continuous length of the optical fiber.
24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 23 , wherein deriving the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error comprises using as a factor a degree of attenuation induced by the optical sensor on an optical signal propagating through the optical sensor.
25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 24 , wherein deriving the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error comprises using as a factor a degree of attenuation induced by the first optical element on the optical signal propagating through the optical sensor.
26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 25 , wherein the first optical element is configured to reflect a first predetermined wavelength range from the optical excitation.
27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 26 , wherein deriving the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error comprises using as a factor a degree of attenuation induced by the first optical element in the first predetermined wavelength range.
28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 27 , wherein the second optical element is configured to reflect a second predetermined wavelength range from the optical excitation.
29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 28 , wherein deriving the adjusted measurement of the physical parameter adjusted for the error comprises using as a factor a degree of attenuation induced by the second optical element in the second predetermined wavelength range.
30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 29 , wherein the first predetermined wavelength range is different from the second predetermined wavelength range.
31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 22 , wherein the physical parameter is temperature.
32. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 22 , wherein the physical parameter is strain.
33. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as defined in claim 22 , wherein the physical parameter is pressure.