Specially configured and surface modified medical device with certain design features that utilize the intrinsic properties of tungsten, zirconium, tantalum and/or niobium

1. A process for producing a stent that has design features that include differentiated wall thicknesses across the length of the stent and geometrically-based shapes to enhance the mechanical properties of said stent, said process comprising the steps of:

a) providing a non-clad metal tube, about 100 weight percent of said metal tube formed of an alloy of 90-97.5% tantalum and 2.5-10% tungsten, said metal having a grain size of at least about 8 ASTM;

b) chemically cleaning said metal tube by a solution that includes nitric acid and hydrochloric acid;

c) annealing said chemically cleaned tube at a temperature of about 2600° F.-2800° F., said step of annealing occurring under a vacuum of no greater that about 10 Torr;

d) cleaning and polishing said annealed tube by an electro-polishing process, said electro-polishing process including a solution that includes sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid having a temperature of about 60-100° F., said electro-polishing process conducted in the presence of a current of 15-30 milliamps, said step of electro-polishing performed in such a manner as to prevent said metal tube from becoming brittle and to prevent excess hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen from entering said metal tube;

e) cutting said tube to a desired length after said cleaning and polishing step; and,

f) cutting said tube to form said stent after said tube is cut to said desired length, said step of cutting said tube into said stent includes a laser cutting process in an environment that includes one or more gasses selected from the group consisting of helium and argon, said stent having a plurality of metal support portions and a plurality of metal connecting legs, said metal connecting legs connecting together a plurality of metal support portions, said metal support portions and metal connecting legs forming a mesh in a peripheral wall of said cut tube, a plurality of said metal support portions having an S-shape, a Z-shape, an XZ-shape, a VU shape, an XS shape, or a YU-shape configuration, a plurality of said metal support portions having a thickness of 0.0012-0.007 inch, a plurality of said metal support portions and connecting legs having multiple thicknesses along a longitudinal length of said metal support portions and connecting legs, a thinnest portion of said metal support portions having a thickness as small as about 0.0012 inch and a thickest portion of said metal support portions being about 0.004-0.007 inch, said wall thickness of said metal tube has a thickness so that its physiological presence in a body passage is negligible thereby preventing turbulent flow of fluid as the fluid passes by said stent positioned in the body passageway.

2. The process as defined in claim 1 , wherein said metal includes 90-93% tantalum and 7-10% tungsten.

3. The process as defined in claim 2 , wherein said metal includes 92.5 wt. % tantalum and 7.5 wt. % tungsten.

4. The process as defined in claim 1 , including the further step of forming a plurality of surface modifications in one or more structures selected from the group consisting of metal support portions and metal connecting legs, said surface modifications including a channel, said channel having a single opening at only one end of said channel, said single opening located at a surface of said stent.

5. The process as defined in claim 3 , including the further step of forming a plurality of surface modifications in one or more structures selected from the group consisting of metal support portions and metal connecting legs, said surface modifications including a channel, said channel having a single opening at only one end of said channel, said single opening located at a surface of said stent.

6. The process as defined in claim 4 , including the further step of adding at least one of a polymer and a biological agent to one or more structures selected from the group consisting of metal support portions and metal connecting legs, a plurality of said channels including said biological agent, at least one of said channels including at least one of a polymer and a biological agent.

7. The process as defined in claim 5 , including the further step of adding at least one of a polymer and a biological agent to one or more structures selected from the group consisting of metal support portions and metal connecting legs, a plurality of said channels including said biological agent, at least one of said channels including at least one of a polymer and a biological agent.

8. The process as defined in claim 6 , wherein said polymer overlies a plurality of said channels that includes said biological agent so as to control a release rate of said biological agent from said plurality of channels.

9. The process as defined in claim 7 , wherein said polymer overlies a plurality of said channels that includes said biological agent so as to control a release rate of said biological agent from said plurality of channels.

10. A process for producing a stent that has design features that include differentiated wall thicknesses across the length of the stent and geometrically-based shapes to enhance the mechanical properties of said stent, said process comprising the steps of:

a) providing a non-clad metal tube, about 100 weight percent of said metal tube formed of an alloy of 90-93% tantalum and 7-10% tungsten, said metal having a grain size of at least about 8 ASTM;

b) chemically cleaning said metal tube by a solution that includes nitric acid and hydrochloric acid;

c) annealing said chemically cleaned tube at a temperature of about 2600° F.-2800° F., said step of annealing occurring under a vacuum of no greater that about 10 Torr;

d) cleaning and polishing said annealed tube by an electro-polishing process, said electro-polishing process including a solution that includes sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid having a temperature of about 60-100° F., said electro-polishing process conducted in the presence of a current of 15-30 milliamps, said step of electro-polishing performed in such a manner as to prevent said metal tube from becoming brittle and to prevent excess hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen from entering said metal tube;

e) cutting said tube to a desired length after said cleaning and polishing step; and,

f) cutting said tube to form said stent after said tube is cut to said desired length, said step of cutting said tube into said stent includes a laser cutting process in an environment that includes one or more gasses selected from the group consisting of helium and argon, said stent having a plurality of metal support portions and a plurality of metal connecting legs, said metal connecting legs connecting together a plurality of metal support portions, said metal support portions and metal connecting legs forming a mesh in a peripheral wall of said cut tube, a plurality of said metal support portions having a thickness of 0.0012-0.007 inch, a plurality of said metal support portions and connecting legs having multiple thicknesses along a longitudinal length of said metal support portions and connecting legs, a thinnest portion of said metal support portions having a thickness as small as about 0.0012 inch and a thickest portion of said metal support portions being about 0.004-0.007 inch, said wall thickness of said metal tube has a thickness so that its physiological presence in a body passage is negligible thereby preventing turbulent flow of fluid as the fluid passes by said stent positioned in the body passageway.