Processes for producing pentafluoropropenes and azeotropes comprising HF and certain halopropenes of the formula C
View Patent ↗A process is disclosed for making CF 3 CF═CHF or mixtures thereof with CF 2 ═CFCHF 2 . The process involves (i) contacting CHCl 2 CF 2 CF 3 , and optionally CHClFCF 2 CClF 2 , in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of dehydrofluorination catalyst to produce CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 , and, if CHClFCF 2 CClF 2 is present, CClF═CFCClF 2 ; (ii) contacting CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 and CClF═CFCClF 2 , if any, formed in (i) with hydrogen fluoride (HF) in a reaction zone, optionally in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, to produce CClF═CFCF 3 , and if CClF═CFCClF 2 is present, CF 2 ═CFCClF 2 ; (iii) contacting CClF═CFCF 3 and CF 2 ═CFCClF 2 , if any, formed in (ii) in a reaction zone with H 2 in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support of chromium oxide, fluorinated chromium oxide, chromium fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride, and/or fluorinated alumina to produce a product mixture comprising CF 3 CF═CHF, and if CF 2 ═CFCClF 2 is present, CF 2 ═CFCHF 2 ; and (iv) recovering CF 3 CF═CHF, or a mixture thereof with CF 2 ═CFCHF 2 , from the product mixture formed in (iii); and optionally (v) separating at least a portion of any CF 3 CF═CHF in the product mixture formed in (iii) from the CF 2 ═CFCHF 2 in the product mixture formed in (iii). Also disclosed are azeotropic compositions involving CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 and HF; involving CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 , CClF═CFCClF 2 and HF; involving CClF═CFCF 3 and HF; involving CClF═CFCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCClF 2 and HF; or involving CF 2 ═CFCHF 2 and HF.
1. A process for making CF 3 CF═CHF, comprising:
i. contacting CHCl 2 CF 2 CF 3 , in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of dehydrofluorination catalyst to produce CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 ;
ii. contacting CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 formed in (i) with hydrogen fluoride (HF) in a reaction zone, optionally in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, to produce CClF═CFCF 3 ;
iii. contacting CClF═CFCF 3 formed in (ii) in a reaction zone with H 2 in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support selected from the group consisting of chromium oxide, fluorinated chromium oxide, chromium fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride, fluorinated alumina, and mixtures thereof to produce a product mixture comprising CF 3 CF═CHF; and
iv. recovering CF 3 CF═CHF from the product mixture formed in (iii).
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the C 3 HCl 2 F 5 dehydrofluorinated in (i) is produced by reacting CHCl 2 F with CF 2 ═CF 2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an aluminum halide composition having a bulk formula of AlCl x Br y F 3-x-y wherein the average value of x is 0 to 3, the average value of y is 0 to 3-x, provided that the average values of x and y are not both 0.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the C 3 HCl 2 F 5 dehydrofluorinated in (i) is essentially free of CHClFCF 2 CClF 2 .
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the C 3 Cl 2 F 4 fluorinated in (ii) is essentially free of CClF═CFCClF 2 .
5. A process for producing HFC-1234yf using HFC-1225ye, characterized by making said HFC-1225ye by the process of claim 1 .
6. The process of claim 5 comprising the steps of
a) adding hydrogen and CF 3 CF═CHF to a reaction vessel containing a hydrogenation catalyst;
b) reacting said CF 3 CF═CHF with hydrogen over said hydrogenation catalyst to produce CF 3 CHFCH 2 F; and
c) dehydrofluorinating CF 3 CHFCH 2 F in the vapor phase over a dehydrofluorination catalyst.
7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
i. contacting CHCl 2 CF 2 CF 3 and CHClFCF 2 CClF 2 , in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of dehydrofluorination catalyst to produce CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 , and CClF═CFCCl F 2 ;
ii. contacting CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 and CClF═CFCClF 2 , formed in (i) with hydrogen fluoride (HF) in a reaction zone, optionally in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, to produce CClF═CFCF 3 and CF 2 ═CFCClF 2 ;
iii. contacting CClF═CFCF 3 and CF 2 ═CFCClF 2 , formed in (ii) in a reaction zone with H 2 in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support selected from the group consisting of chromium oxide, fluorinated chromium oxide, chromium fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride, fluorinated alumina, and mixtures thereof to produce a product mixture comprising CF 3 CF═CHF; and
iv. recovering CF 3 CF═CHF from the product mixture formed in (iii).
8. An azeotropic composition comprising (a) from about 5 mole percent to about 24 mole percent CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 and (b) from about 76 mole percent to about 95 mole percent HF, having a vapor pressure of from about 2 psia to about 372 psia, at a temperature of from about −25° C. to about 125° C.
9. An azeotropic composition comprising (a) from about 5 mole percent to about 24 mole percent of a mixture of CCl 2 ═CFCF 3 and CClF═CFCClF 2 and (b) from about 76 mole percent to about 95 mole percent HF, having a vapor pressure of from about 2 psia to about 372 psia, at a temperature of from about −25° C. to about 125° C.
10. An azeotropic composition comprising (a) from about 25 mole percent to about 45 mole percent CClF═CFCF 3 and (b) from about 55 mole percent to about 75 mole percent HF, having a vapor pressure of from about 4 psia to about 400 psia at a temperature of from about −25° C. to about 100° C.
11. An azeotropic composition comprising (a) from about 29 mole to about 44 mole percent of a mixture of CClF═CFCF 3 and CF 2 ═CFCClF 2 and (b) from about 56 mole percent to about 71 mole percent HF, having a vapor pressure of from about 5 psia to about 400 psia, at a temperature of from about −25° C. to about 100° C.
12. An azeotropic composition comprising (a) from about 42 mole percent to about 46 mole percent CF 2 ═CFCHF 2 and (b) from about 54 mole percent to about 58 mole percent HF, having a vapor pressure of from about 6 psia to about 450 psia, at a temperature of from about −25° C. to about 125° C.