Composites and devices including nanoparticles
A composite including a first layer comprising nanoparticles, at least a portion of which include a ligand attached to a surface of a nanoparticle, and a second layer disposed over a predetermined area of the first layer, wherein the second layer is continuous or uninterrupted by voids across the predetermined area, and has a thickness less than or equal to about 30 nm. In certain preferred embodiments, there is a chemical affinity between the ligand and the second layer. A device including the above composite and related methods are also disclosed.
1 . A composite including a first layer comprising nanoparticles, at least a portion of which include a ligand attached to a surface of a nanoparticle, and a second layer disposed over a predetermined area of the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises an organic material, is uninterrupted by voids across the predetermined area, and has a thickness less than or equal to about 30 nm.
2 . A composite including a first layer comprising nanoparticles, at least a portion of which include a ligand attached to a surface of a nanoparticle, and a second layer disposed over a predetermined area of the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises an evaporable material, is uninterrupted by voids across the predetermined area, and has a thickness less than or equal to about 30 nm.
3 . A composite including a first layer comprising nanoparticles, at least a portion of which include a ligand attached to a surface of a nanoparticle, and a second layer disposed over a predetermined area of the first layer, wherein the second layer includes a base material and less than 75% by weight semiconductor nanoparticles, is uninterrupted by voids across the predetermined area, and has a thickness less than or equal to about 30 nm.
4 . A composite in accordance with claim 1 wherein the second layer has a chemical affinity for the ligand.
5 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the second layer has a chemical affinity for the ligand.
6 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the second layer has a chemical affinity for the ligand.
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17 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the evaporable material comprises an organic material.
18 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the evaporable material comprises an inorganic material.
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23 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the base material comprises an organic material.
24 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the base material comprises an inorganic material.
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37 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the base material includes no semiconductor nanocrystals.
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107 . A composite in accordance with claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles comprise semiconductor nanocrystals.
108 . A composite in accordance with claim 107 wherein at least a portion of the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise a core and a shell disposed on at least a portion of the core.
109 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the nanoparticles comprise semiconductor nanocrystals.
110 . A composite in accordance with claim 109 wherein at least a portion of the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise a core and a shell disposed on at least a portion of the core.
111 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the nanoparticles comprise semiconductor nanocrystals.
112 . A composite in accordance with claim 111 wherein at least a portion of the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise a core and a shell disposed on at least a portion of the core.
113 . A composite in accordance with claim 1 wherein the thickness of the second layer varies by less than or equal to 5 nm across the predetermined area.
114 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the thickness of the second layer varies by less than or equal to 5 nm across the predetermined area.
115 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the thickness of the second layer varies by less than or equal to 5 nm across the predetermined area.
116 . A composite in accordance with claim 1 wherein the second layer is disposed directly on the predetermined area of the first layer.
117 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the second layer is disposed directly on the predetermined area of the first layer.
118 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the second layer is disposed directly on the predetermined area of the first layer.
119 . A composite in accordance with claim 1 wherein the ligand includes an aromatic group.
120 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the ligand includes an aromatic group.
121 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the ligand includes an aromatic group.
122 . A composite in accordance with claim 1 wherein the ligand includes an aliphatic group.
123 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the ligand includes an aliphatic group.
124 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the ligand includes an aliphatic group.
125 . A composite in accordance with claim 1 wherein the second layer has a thickness of 20 nm or less.
126 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the second layer has a thickness of 20 nm or less.
127 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the second layer has a thickness of 20 nm or less.
128 . A composite in accordance with claim 1 wherein the second layer thickness of 10 nm or less.
129 . A composite in accordance with claim 2 wherein the second layer thickness of 10 nm or less.
130 . A composite in accordance with claim 3 wherein the second layer thickness of 10 nm or less.