Method and device for measuring the conductivity of a pure or ultrapure liquid
View Patent ↗The invention relates to a method of measuring the conductivity of a pure or ultrapure liquid, notably water, using electrodes, characterized in that it consists in determining the conductivity by modeling the liquid in the form of an equivalent electrical circuit diagram comprising a resistor R, a capacitor Cp in parallel with the resistor R, and a series capacitor Cs. It also relates to a device for implementing this method and a purification system incorporating such a device.
1. A method for measuring the conductivity of a pure or ultrapure liquid using electrodes, comprising determining the conductivity by modeling the liquid in the form of an equivalent electrical circuit diagram comprising a resistor R, a capacitor Cp in parallel with the resistor R, and a series capacitor Cs,
applying series of reference excitation signals at different frequencies,
reconstructing the spectrum of the output signal by aggregating discrete measurements taken at the given frequencies,
comparing the reconstructed empirical signal with a theoretical model, and
minimizing the difference between the theoretical model and the empirical signal obtained to extract therefrom the triplet R, Cp, Cs.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reconstructed spectrum of the output signal is subjected to temporal interpolation to increase the resolution of the signals at intermediate frequencies and/or to extrapolation of the frequencies in order to take into account frequencies that are inaccessible experimentally.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said comparison is effected between the Fourier transformed function of the reconstructed empirical temporal signal and the Fourier transform of the theoretical model or between the reconstructed empirical temporal signal and the inverse Fourier transform of a Fourier transform of the theoretical model.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said minimization step uses differential norm multidimensional non-linear minimization, preferably in the form of the Powell method or the Simplex method with linear programming.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein it is further determined if the extracted triplet R, Cp, Cs corresponds to a situation of disturbance of the measurement and, if so, the nature of the disturbance.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said determination step uses a belonging probability calculation.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said disturbance corresponds to the presence of a foreign body, notably a particle, a non-miscible contaminant, or a gas bubble.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said excitation signals are applied in the form of pulses, preferably squarewave pulses.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the range of frequencies of the excitation signals is from 50 Hz to 5 kHz or from 100 kHz to 20 MHz.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said conductivity is measured by micro-electrodes.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said liquid is water.
12. A device for measuring conductivity of a pure or ultrapure liquid by means of electrodes, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying instructions that when executed by a computing device cause the computing device to execute the method of claim 1 .
13. The device according to claim 12 , further comprising a microcontroller.
14. The device according to claim 13 , wherein said microcontroller is connected to a conductivity measuring cell excited by a pulse generator or a reference signal generator.
15. The device according to claim 14 , wherein said conductivity measuring cell is provided with micro-electrodes.
16. A water purification system comprising the device of claim 12 , for measuring the conductivity of water.