Passive overpressure and underpressure protection for a cryogen vessel

1. Apparatus for controlling egress of cryogen gas from a cryogen vessel, comprising:

a controlled valve linking the interior of the cryogen vessel to a gas exit path; and

a controller arranged to receive data from at least one sensor and to control the controlled valve according to the data;

wherein the controlled valve is arranged such that a gas pressure in the cryogen vessel exceeding a gas pressure in the gas exit path acts on the controlled valve to open the valve and allow venting of cryogen gas, and such that a gas pressure in the cryogen vessel that is inferior to a gas pressure in the gas exit path acts on the controlled valve to urge it closed, so restricting flow of gas into the cryogen vessel;

wherein the controlled valve is a solenoid valve which is open when energized, and closed when not energized;

wherein the solenoid valve comprises an actuating coil, an armature carrying, or serving as, a valve element, and a spring urging the valve element towards a valve seat, in which the actuating coil, armature and spring are built in a gas space of the gas exit path; and

wherein an axial direction of the armature corresponds to a flow direction of gas from the cryogen vessel into the solenoid valve, and a contact face of the valve element to the valve seat is opposite to a cross section of the gas flow into the solenoid valve, so that a pressure inside the cryogen vessel exceeding a pressure outside the cryogen vessel acts on the armature and valve element to open the valve, and so that a pressure outside the cryogen vessel exceeding a pressure inside the cryogen vessel acts on the armature to close the valve.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is arranged to receive data indicating a gas pressure within the cryogen vessel, and is further arranged to control the controlled valve to provide a gas pressure within a desired range within the cryogen vessel.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is arranged to receive data indicating a gas flow rate through the gas exit path, and is further arranged to control the controlled valve to provide a gas flow rate through the gas exit path within a desired range of values.

4. Apparatus for according to claim 1 , wherein the controller controls the valve by cyclically opening and closing the controlled valve with a variable duty cycle.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein said cyclic opening and closing of the controlled valve is performed at a frequency of below 1 Hz.