The present invention relates to compositions of matter that are ionic liquids, the compositions comprising any of eleven cations combined with any of three fluorinated sulfonated anions. Compositions of the invention should be useful as solvents and, perhaps, as catalysts for many reactions, including aromatic electrophilic substitution, nitration, acylation, esterification, etherification, oligomerization, transesterification, isomerization and hydration.
1. A composition of matter of the Formula Z + A − , wherein Z + is a cation of the formula below:
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
(i) H
(ii) halogen
(iii) —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 , or C 3 to C 25 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(iv) —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 , or C 3 to C 25 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene comprising one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, and optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(v) C 6 to C 25 unsubstituted aryl or C 6 to C 25 unsubstituted heteroaryl having one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S; and
(vi) C 6 to C 25 substituted aryl or C 6 to C 25 substituted heteroaryl having one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S; and wherein said substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl has one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:
(1) —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 , or C 3 to C 25 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH 2 and SH,
(2) OH,
(3) NH 2 , and
(4) SH; and wherein
optionally at least two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 can together form a cyclic or bicyclic alkanyl or alkenyl group;
and A − is an anion selected from the group consisting of Formulae I, II and III:
wherein:
R 11 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) halogen;
(2) —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 or C 3 to C 15 straight-chain or branched alkane or alkene, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(3) —OCH 3 , —OC 2 H 5 or C 3 to C 15 straight-chain or branched alkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(4) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkyl, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(5) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(6) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl; and
(7) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkoxy;
wherein:
R 12 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 or C 3 to C 15 straight-chain or branched alkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(2) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH; and
(3) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkoxy; and
wherein:
R 13 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) halogen;
(2) —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 or C 3 to C 15 straight-chain or branched alkane or alkene, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(3) —OCH 3 , —OC 2 H 5 or C 3 to C 15 straight-chain or branched alkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(4) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkyl, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(5) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched fluoroalkoxy, optionally substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, OH, NH 2 and SH;
(6) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl; and
(7) C 1 to C 15 straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkoxy.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the anion is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethanesulfonate; 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonate; 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethanesulfonate; 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate; 2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) -1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-iodoethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate; N,N-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide; or N,N-bis(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonyl)imide.