DC-to-AC power conversion system and method
A system, in one embodiment, includes a photovoltaic power converter. The photovoltaic power converter includes one or more photovoltaic arrays configured convert solar energy into a DC signal and two or more N-level converters coupled to a common DC bus (N being an integer greater than 2).
1. A system comprising:
a photovoltaic power converter comprising:
one or more photovoltaic arrays configured to convert solar energy into a DC signal; and
three or more N-level converters coupled to a common DC bus, wherein N is an integer greater than 2, and wherein the three or more N-level converters comprise:
a first DC-to-DC N-level converter configured to step up the DC signal from a first DC voltage to a second DC voltage;
a second DC-to-DC N-level converter configured to couple to an energy device and the first DC-to-DC N-level converter; and
at least one DC-to-AC N-level converter coupled to the first DC-to-DC N-level converter and the second DC-to-DC N-level converter, wherein the at least one DC-to-AC N-level converter is configured to convert the second DC voltage to an AC signal.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one DC-to-AC N-level converter comprises:
a first DC-to-AC N-level converter; and
a second DC-to-AC N-level converter;
wherein the first and second DC-to-AC N-level converters are each configured to receive the second DC voltage and to convert the second DC voltage into the AC signal, and wherein the first DC-to-AC N-level converter is coupled to the second DC-to-AC N-level converter in parallel.
3. The system of claim 2 , comprising a control circuitry configured to phase-shift a first AC output of the first DC-to-AC N-level converter by approximately 180 degrees relative to a second AC output of the second DC-to-AC N-level converter.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein a first output of the first DC-to-AC N-level converter and a second output of the second DC-to-AC N-level converter are coupled to a common node.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the DC-to-AC N-level converter is controlled by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy device comprises an energy storage device, an energy dissipation device, or any combination thereof.
7. The system of claim 6 , comprising a controller configured to:
send excess energy to the energy storage device via the second DC-to-DC N-level converter when power generated by the photovoltaic arrays exceeds a demand from an AC power grid coupled to the DC-to-AC N-level converter; and
send the excess energy to the AC power grid via the second DC-to-DC N-level converter when the power generated the photovoltaic arrays is less than the demand from the AC power grid.
8. The system of claim 1 , comprising a controller configured to distribute energy to and from the energy device.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one DC-to-AC N-level converter is configured to convert the second DC voltage to the AC signal using pulse width modulation with N voltage levels.
10. A system, comprising:
a photovoltaic power converter comprising:
two or more photovoltaic arrays coupled in series and configured to convert solar energy into a DC signal, wherein the two or more photovoltaic arrays comprise a first photovoltaic array comprising a first plurality of photovoltaic cells and a second photovoltaic array comprising a second plurality of photovoltaic cells;
a grounding point coupled between the first and second photovoltaic arrays;
a first DC-to-DC N-level converter configured to step up the DC signal from a first DC voltage to a second DC voltage, wherein the first DC-to-DC N-level converter is coupled downstream from the two or more photovoltaic arrays and wherein N is an integer greater than 2;
a second DC-to-DC N-level converter configured to couple to an energy device and the first DC-to-DC N-level converter; and
a DC-to-AC N-level converter coupled to the first DC-to-DC N-level converter and the second DC-to-DC N-level converter, wherein the DC-to-AC N-level converter comprises at least one N-level converter configured to convert the second DC voltage into an AC signal.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the grounding point is coupled to a negative side of the first photovoltaic array and a positive side of the second photovoltaic array.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein each of the first and second photovoltaic arrays are configured to provide a DC output signal corresponding to a first voltage level.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein a differential open-load voltage of the photovoltaic power converter is twice the first voltage level.
14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the DC-to-AC N-level converter comprises a flying capacitor converter, a single-leg clamped converter, or a cascaded converter, or some combination thereof.
15. A system comprising:
a power converter comprising:
at least one DC power source configured to output a DC signal;
a first DC-to-DC N-level converter configured to step up the DC signal from a first DC voltage to a second DC voltage, wherein N is an integer greater than 2;
a second DC-to-DC N-level converter configured to couple to an energy device and the first DC-to-DC N-level converter; and
two or more DC-to-AC N-level converters coupled to the first DC-to-DC N-level converter and the second DC-to-DC N-level converter, wherein each of the two or more DC-to-AC N-level converters is configured to convert the second DC voltage to an AC signal; and
a three-winding transformer coupled downstream from the two or more DC-to-AC N-level converters.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the two or more DC-to-AC N-level converters comprise a first N-level converter and a second N-level converter, each being configured to receive the second DC voltage and to convert the second DC voltage into the AC signal, and to output the AC signal via a respective output terminal.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the three-winding transformer comprises:
a first primary winding coupled to the output terminal of the first N-level converter;
a second primary winding coupled to the output terminal of the second N-level converter; and
a secondary winding coupled to a power grid.
18. The system of claim 16 , comprising a first capacitive element and a second capacitive coupled in series across the two or more DC-to-AC N-level converters.
19. The system of claim 18 , comprising an intermediate node between the first and second capacitive elements, wherein the intermediate node is configured to provide a neutral reference point for the two or more DC-to-AC N-level converters.
20. The system of claim 15 , wherein the DC power source comprises a photovoltaic array, a fuel cell, or some combination thereof.