Photoluminescent fibers, compositions and fabrics made therefrom
Disclosed are photoluminescent fibers containing photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and photoluminescent fluorescent materials whose emission signature lies partly or fully in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also disclosed are the use of the inventive fibers, fabrics made therefrom, and objects containing the fiber.
1. A photoluminescent fiber comprising:
a) one or more photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and,
b) one or more photoluminescent fluorescent materials;
wherein the one or more photoluminescent phosphorescent materials absorb and emit electromagnetic energies when charged or activated by either electromagnetic radiation from an excitation source incident upon the phosphorescent materials, or by emission of another photoluminescent material, or both, and wherein the one or more photoluminescent fluorescent materials absorb the emission from the one or more photoluminescent materials and emit electromagnetic energies to give a selected emission signature, such that some or all of the emission signature lies in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, the photoluminescent materials being selected so that the emission of one of the photoluminescent materials overlaps with the absorbance of another of the photoluminescent materials, wherein the selected emission signature is the emission from one or more of the selected photoluminescent fluorescent materials, such emission being essentially unabsorbed by any of the other photoluminescent materials.
2. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber comprises a core and a first sheath and wherein the core is comprised of one or more of the photoluminescent phosphorescent material and, optionally, one or more of the fluorescent materials, and the sheath is comprised of one or more of the photoluminescent fluorescent materials.
3. The fiber of claim 2 , further comprising a second sheath comprised of one or more of the photoluminescent fluorescent materials.
4. The fiber of any one of claims 1 - 3 further comprising an outer sheath, wherein the outer sheath comprises at least one of color shifting components, color masking components, fiber protecting components, anti-photolysis components, components for enhancing the daylight visibility of the infrared emission signal or combinations thereof.
5. A fabric made from the fiber of claim 4 .
6. A method of using the fabric of claim 5 , for stealth detection and identification, the method comprising:
selecting the one or more photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and the one or more photoluminescent fluorescent materials such that the selected emission signature is not visible to a human observer without the use of specific detection equipment.
7. A photoluminescent fiber comprising:
a) one or more photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and,
b) one or more photoluminescent fluorescent materials;
wherein the one or more photoluminescent phosphorescent materials absorb and emit electromagnetic energies when charged or activated by either electromagnetic radiation from an excitation source incident upon the phosphorescent materials, or by emission of another photoluminescent material, or both, and wherein the one or more photoluminescent fluorescent materials absorb the emission from the one or more photoluminescent materials and emit electromagnetic energies to give a selected emission signature, such that some or all of the emission signature lies in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, the photoluminescent materials being selected so that the emission of one of the photoluminescent materials overlaps with the absorbance of another of the photoluminescent materials, wherein the selected emission signature is the emission from one or more of the selected photoluminescent fluorescent materials, such emission being essentially unabsorbed by any of the other photoluminescent materials, and wherein the core is reflective of the photoluminescent emission, a strengthening fiber, a conductive fiber or an optical fiber.
8. The fiber of claim 7 , wherein the fiber further comprises a second sheath and wherein the first sheath is comprised of one or more of the photoluminescent phosphorescent material and optionally one or more of the fluorescent materials and the second sheath is comprised of one or more of the photoluminescent fluorescent materials.
9. The fiber of claim 8 , further comprising a third sheath comprised of one or more of the photoluminescent fluorescent materials.
10. The fiber of any one of claims 7 - 9 , further comprising an outer sheath, wherein the outer sheath comprises at least one of color shifting components, masking components, fiber protecting components, or combinations thereof.
11. A fabric made from the fiber of claim 10 .
12. A method of using the fabric of claim 11 , for stealth detection and identification, the method comprising:
selecting the one or more photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and the one or more photoluminescent fluorescent materials such that selected emission signature is not visible to a human observer without the use of specific detection equipment.