Low amidine content polyvinylamine, compositions containing same and methods
Low amidine content poly(N-vinylformamide-co-vinylamine) (PVAm), is described, as well as processes of making and providing same in fresh or aged formats, and the usage of such polymer to increase papermaking retention and drainage rate and enhance paper dry strength, and other applications.
1. A polymer comprising units of homopolymerizing N-vinylformamide, vinyl amine, and the amidine, wherein the polymer has an age of at least 21 days under conditions of a pH of no greater than about 6 and a temperature of no greater than about 55° C. and an amidine content no greater than about 15 mole % and a vinyl amine content of from 5 mole % to 49 mole %.
2. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the polymer having a degree of hydrolysis of no more than about 57%.
3. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has an amidine content in the range of about 0.1 to about 12 mole %.
4. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a degree of hydrolysis of about 25% to about 57%.
5. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a degree of hydrolysis of about 30% to about 57%.
6. The polymer of claim 1 having the structure (I):
wherein z/(y+z)<90% when x≧y or z/(x+z)<90% when x<y.
7. The polymer of claim 1 having the structure (I):
wherein x is 50 to 90 mole percent of said polymer, y is 49 to 5 mole percent of said polymer, and z is 0 to 15 mole percent of said polymer.
8. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a terpolymer of randomly linked units of homopolymerized N-vinylformamide, vinyl amine, and amidine.
9. A polymer comprising units of homopolymerized N-vinylformamide, vinyl amine, and amidine, wherein the polymer has a degree of hydrolysis of no more than about 57%, and wherein the polymer has an amidine content of from about 0.1 to about 15 mole %, a vinyl amine content of from 49 to 5 mole %, and homopolymerized N-vinylformamide content of from 50 to 90 mole %.
10. The polymer of claim 9 , wherein the polymer has an amidine content of from about 0.1 to about 12 mole %.
11. The polymer of claim 9 , wherein the polymer has an amidine content in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 mole %.
12. The polymer of claim 9 , wherein the polymer has a degree of hydrolysis of about 25% to about 57%.
13. The polymer of claim 9 , wherein the polymer has a degree of hydrolysis of about 30% to about 57%.
14. The polymer of claim 9 having the structure (I):
wherein z/(y+z)<90% when x≧y or z/(x+z)<90% when x<y.
15. A process for providing vinylamine polymer having low amidine content, comprising:
(a) homopolymerizing N-vinylformamide to form poly(N-vinylformamide) homopolymer, and
(b) partially hydrolyzing the poly(N-vinylformamide) homopolymer formed in step (a) under acidic aqueous conditions at a temperature no greater than about 85° C. and for a period of time of no greater than about 4 hours to provide a polymer comprising units of homopolymerized N-vinylformamide, vinyl amine, and amidine, wherein the amidine content is no greater than about 15 mole % and the polymer having a degree of hydrolysis of no more than about 57%.
16. The process of claim 15 , further comprising a step (c), said step (c) comprises maintaining the polymer provided in step (b) under conditions of a pH of no greater than about 6 and a temperature of no greater than about 55° C. for at least about 21 days after completing step (b), wherein the amidine content of said polymer being no greater than about 25 mole % after being maintained for 21 days under said conditions.
17. The process of claim 15 , further comprising a step (c), said step (c) comprising maintaining the polymer provided in step (b) under conditions of a pH of no greater than about 3.5 and a temperature of no greater than about 30° C. for at least about 30 days after completing step (b), wherein the amidine content of said polymer being no greater than about 12 mole % after being maintained for 30 days under said conditions.
18. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has an amidine content of from about 0.1 to about 15 mole %, a vinyl amine content of from 49 to 5 mole %, and an N-vinylformamide content of from 50 to 90 mole %.