Polyacrylamide based agricultural compositions
A polyacrylamide based agricultural composition as a microemulsion is provided in form of a water-in-oil microemulsion with polyacrylamide dissolved in the water phase where the polyacrylamide solids content is from about two up to about 15 percent by weight, which is then further diluted in water at the time of use to impart the desired characteristics of the polymer to the water phase or to the material to which the water phase is applied.
1. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition having a weight and comprising:
up to about 15 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of polyacrylamide polymer or copolymer solids,
up to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of at least one fatty acid, and
up to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of at least one nonionic surfactant having a combined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of greater than 9.3, and
oil,
wherein, when said agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition is diluted by water or water-based mixtures to form a diluted product, the composition disperses without lumps or clumps in the water or water-based mixtures.
2. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyacrylamide polymer or copolymer solids are present in an amount of from about 4 to about 12 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition.
3. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyacrylamide polymer is a nonionic polyacrylamide.
4. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyacrylamide copolymer is an anionic polyacrylamide.
5. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 4 wherein the anionic polyacrylamide is derived from acrylamide and sodium acrylate.
6. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyacrylamide copolymer is an anionic polyacrylamide with up to about 40 percent anionic content.
7. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyacrylamide polymer or copolymer solids comprises an anionic polyacrylamide having a 20 to 40 percent anionic content.
8. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one fatty acid is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition.
9. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one fatty acid is primarily C18 unsaturated fatty acids.
10. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one fatty acid is tall oil fatty acid.
11. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one nonionic surfactant is an ethoxylated surfactant.
12. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one nonionic surfactant is nonylphenol ethoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylate or a combination thereof.
13. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one nonionic surfactant is fatty alcohol ethoxylate.
14. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one nonionic surfactant is present in an amount of about 9 to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition.
15. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein about 8 percent to about 70 percent by weight of the at least one nonionic surfactant has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance above 9.3.
16. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the oil is a paraffinic oil, a natural oil or a derivative of a natural oil.
17. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 1 wherein the oil is a paraffinic oil.
18. A process of dispersing a composition into an aqueous media comprising:
a) providing an agricultural water-in oil microemulsion composition comprising up to about 15 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of polyacrylamide polymer or copolymer solids, up to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of at least one fatty acid, up to about 20 percent by weight, based on the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of at least one nonionic surfactant having a combined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of greater than 9.3, and oil;
b) forcing the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition into an aqueous medium to form a diluted product without lumps or clumps in the aqueous medium;
c) allowing the micelles to burst into the aqueous medium; and
d) applying the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition with burst micelles to a desired or intended target.
19. A process according to 18 wherein said forcing the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition into the aqueous medium comprises at least one operation selected from the group consisting of stirring the aqueous medium and the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, pumping the aqueous medium and the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition through a pipe or stirring it in a tank, pouring the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition into a tank containing the aqueous medium, and injecting the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition into the tank containing the aqueous medium.
20. A process according to claim 19 further comprising applying the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition to at least one seed, at least one growing crop, at least one patch of bare ground, at least one roadside, at least one industrial area, at least one right-of-way, at least one forest area, at least one turf or other vegetation, at least one soil, at least one waterway, at least one crop, at least one water management area or combinations thereof.
21. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition having a weight and comprising:
up to about 15 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of polyacrylamide polymer or copolymer solids,
up to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of at least one fatty acid of C8 to C30,
up to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of at least one nonionic surfactant having a combined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of greater than 9.3, and
up to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition, of oil,
wherein, when said agricultural water-in-oil composition is diluted by water or water-based mixtures to form a diluted product, the composition disperses without lumps or clumps in the water or water-based mixtures.
22. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 21 wherein:
a) the polyacrylamide polymer or copolymer solids is present in a content of about 4 to about 12 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition;
b) the at least one fatty acid of C12 to C18 is present in a content of about two percent to about 14 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition;
c) the at least one nonionic surfactant is present in a content of about two percent to about 14 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition; and
d) the oil is present in a content of up to about 55 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition.
23. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 22 wherein:
a) the at least one fatty acid includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of coco fatty acid, lauryl fatty acid, palm fatty acid, soy fatty acid, cottonseed fatty acid and tall oil fatty acid;
b) the content of the at least one at least one nonionic surfactant is about two percent to about 13 percent by weight, based on the weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition;
c) the at least one nonionic surfactant has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 9.4 to about 15; and
d) the at least one nonionic surfactant is at least one surfactant selected from ethoxylated surfactants.
24. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 23 wherein:
the polyacrylamide polymer or copolymer solids has a charge from zero to 40 percent, based on the weight of the polyacrylamide polymer or copolymer solids; and
the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide polymer or copolymer solids up to 35 Megagrams per mole.
25. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 24 wherein:
a) the at least one nonionic surfactant is at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylates and alcohol ethoxylates; and
b) the oil is at least one oil selected from the group consisting of paraffinic oils, naturally occurring oils and derivatives of naturally occurring oils.
26. An agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition according to claim 25 wherein:
a) the oil is at least one oil selected from the group consisting of cottonseed oil, canola oil, soybean oil, corn oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and the methyl or ethyl ester thereof; and
b) the oil is provided in a content of about 10 percent to about 55 percent by weight of the agricultural water-in-oil microemulsion composition.