HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM, FLUID, AND METHOD
Disclosed herein is a heat transfer system comprising a circulation loop defining a flow path for a heat transfer fluid, and a heat transfer fluid comprising a liquid coolant, a siloxane corrosion inhibitor of formula R3-Si—[O—Si(R)2]x-OSiR3, wherein R is independently an alkyl group or a polyalkylene oxide copolymer of 1 to 200 carbons, x is from 0 to 100, and further wherein at least one alkyl group and at least one polyalkylene oxide copolymer are present, and a non-conductive polydiorganosiloxane antifoam agent, wherein the conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is less than about 100 μS/cm, and wherein the heat transfer system comprises aluminum, magnesium, or a combination thereof, in intimate contact with the heat transfer fluid.
1 . A heat transfer system, comprising:
a circulation loop defining a flow path for a heat transfer fluid; and
a heat transfer fluid, comprising:
a liquid coolant;
a siloxane corrosion inhibitor of formula R 3 —Si—[O—Si(R) 2 ] x —OSiR 3 , wherein R is independently an alkyl group or a polyalkylene oxide copolymer of 1 to 200 carbons, x is from 0 to 100, and further wherein at least one alkyl group and at least one polyalkylene oxide copolymer are present; and
a non-conductive polydiorganosiloxane antifoam agent;
wherein the conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is less than about 100 μS/cm; and
wherein the heat transfer system comprises aluminum, magnesium, or a combination thereof, in intimate contact with the heat transfer fluid.
2 . The heat transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is about 0.02 to about 5 μS/cm.
3 . The heat transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the liquid coolant comprises an alcohol, water, or a combination thereof.
4 . The heat transfer system of claim 3 , wherein the alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, furfurol, tetrahydrofurfurol, ethoxylated furfurol, an alkoxy alkanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerol, glycerol-1,2-dimethyl ether, glycerol-1,3-dimethyl ether, monoethylether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylol propane, or a combination thereof.
5 . The heat transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the non-conductive polydiorganosiloxane antifoam agent comprises a polydiorganosiloxane emulsion based antifoam agent.
6 . The heat transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer fluid further comprises an azole comprising a pyrrole, a pyrazole, an imidazole, a triazole, a thiazole, a tetrazole, or a combination thereof, according to formulas (I)-(IV):
wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom such, a C 1-20 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, SR 3 , OR 3 , or NR 3 2 , wherein R 3 is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a C 1-20 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, X is independently N or CR 2 , and Y is independently N or CR 1 .
7 . The heat transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer fluid further comprises a non-ionic corrosion inhibitor, a tetraalkylorthosilicate ester, a non-conductive colorant, a wetting agent, a biocide, a bitterant, a non-ionic dispersant, or a combination thereof.
8 . The heat transfer system of claim 1 , further comprising an ion exchange resin in fluid communication with the heat transfer fluid.
9 . The heat transfer system of claim 8 , wherein the ion exchange resin is pre-treated with a corrosion inhibiting composition comprising a siloxane corrosion inhibitor, an azole, or a combination thereof.
10 . The heat transfer system of claim 1 , in the form of an internal combustion engine, a fuel cell, a battery, a solar cell, a solar panel, a photovoltaic cell, or a combination thereof.
11 . A heat transfer fluid, comprising:
a liquid coolant;
a siloxane corrosion inhibitor of formula R 3 —Si—[O—Si(R) 2 ] x —OSiR 3 , wherein R is independently an alkyl group or a polyalkylene oxide copolymer of 1 to 200 carbons, x is from 0 to 100, and further wherein at least one alkyl group and at least one polyalkylene oxide copolymer are present; and
a non-conductive polydiorganosiloxane antifoam agent;
wherein the conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is less than about 100 μS/cm.
12 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 11 , wherein the conductivity is less than about 25 μS/cm.
13 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 12 , wherein the conductivity is about 0.02 to about 5 μS/cm.
14 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 11 , wherein the liquid coolant comprises an alcohol, water, or a combination thereof.
15 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 14 , wherein the alcohol comprises a monohydric alcohol, a polyhydric alcohol, or a combination thereof.
16 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 15 , wherein the monohydric alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, furfurol, tetrahydrofurfurol, ethoxylated furfurol, an alkoxy alkanol, or a combination thereof.
17 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 15 , wherein the polyhydric alcohol comprises ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerol, glycerol-1,2-dimethyl ether, glycerol-1,3-dimethyl ether, monoethylether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylol propane, or a combination thereof.
18 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 11 , wherein the siloxane corrosion inhibitor comprises a polysiloxane, an organosilane comprising a silicon-carbon bond, or a combination thereof.
19 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 11 , wherein the non-conductive polydiorganosiloxane antifoam agent comprises a polydiorganosiloxane emulsion based antifoam agent.
20 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 11 , further comprising a secondary corrosion inhibitor.
21 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 20 , wherein the secondary corrosion inhibitor comprises an azole, colloidal silica, or a combination thereof.
22 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 21 , wherein the secondary corrosion inhibitor comprises the azole, and further wherein the azole comprises a pyrrole, a pyrazole, an imidazole, a triazole, a thiazole, a tetrazole, or a combination thereof, according to formulas (I)-(IV):
wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom such, a C 1-20 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, SR 3 , OR 3 , or NR 3 2 , wherein R 3 is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a C 1-20 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, X is independently N or CR 2 , and Y is independently N or CR 1 .
23 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 22 , wherein the azole is selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, methylpyrrole, pyrazole, dimethylpyrazole, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, methyl benzotriazole, butyl benzotriazole, mercaptobenzothiazole, benzimidazole, halo-benzotriazole, tetrazole, methyl tetrazole, mercapto tetrazole, thiazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and a combination thereof.
24 . The heat transfer fluid of claim 11 , further comprising a non-ionic corrosion inhibitor, a tetraalkylorthosilicate ester, a non-conductive colorant, a wetting agent, a biocide, a bitterant, a non-ionic dispersant, or a combination thereof.
25 . A heat transfer method, comprising:
contacting a heat transfer system with a heat transfer fluid;
wherein the heat transfer system comprises:
a circulation loop defining a flow path for the heat transfer fluid; and
aluminum, magnesium, or a combination thereof;
wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises:
a liquid coolant;
a siloxane corrosion inhibitor of formula R 3 —Si—[O—Si(R) 2 ] x —OSiR 3 , wherein R is independently an alkyl group or a polyalkylene oxide copolymer of 1 to 200 carbons, x is from 0 to 100, and further wherein at least one alkyl group and at least one polyalkylene oxide copolymer are present; and
a non-conductive polydiorganosiloxane antifoam agent;
wherein the conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is less than about 100 μS/cm; and
wherein the aluminum, magnesium, or combination thereof is in intimate contact with the heat transfer fluid.