Ammonia SCR catalyst and method of using the catalyst
View Patent ↗A DPF with an SCR catalyst and a method for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides with ammonia, filtering particulates, and reducing the ignition temperature of soot on a DPF are provided. The catalyst includes a first component of copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, niobium, or mixtures thereof, a second component of cerium, a lanthanide, a mixture of lanthanides, or mixtures thereof, and a component characterized by increased surface acidity. The catalyst may also include strontium as an additional second component. The catalyst selectively reduces nitrogen oxides to nitrogen with ammonia and oxidizes soot at low temperatures. The catalyst has high hydrothermal stability.
1. An apparatus for reducing NOx in an exhaust stream, comprising:
a particulate filter; and
a selective catalytic reduction catalyst disposed on the particulate filter, wherein the catalyst comprises:
a first component selected from the group consisting of copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, niobium, and mixtures thereof;
a second component selected from the group consisting of cerium, a lanthanide, a mixture of lanthanides, and mixtures thereof; and
at least one material characterized by increased surface acidity.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a source of ammonia upstream from the particulate filter, wherein the source of ammonia adds ammonia to the exhaust stream.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a diesel oxidation catalyst upstream from the particulate filter and upstream from the source of ammonia.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the source of ammonia comprises urea, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium formate, ammonia gas or other suitable source and combination of any thereof.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst further comprises an oxygen storage material.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst comprises from about 1 to about 20 percent of the first component calculated on the basis of the metal, from about 2 to about 35 percent of the second component calculated on the basis of the metal, and from about 10 to about 90 percent of the material characterized by increased surface acidity.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst further comprises strontium.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst further comprises from about 2 to about 35 percent strontium.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one material characterized by increased surface acidity is selected from the group consisting of aluminum dioxide and zirconium dioxide which had surface properties modified by treatment with a material selected from the group consisting of sulfur, tungsten, phosphorus, silicon, titanium, and molybdenum, or any other materials which could modify surface acidity, and a zeolite.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-5, zeolite beta, a ZSM-type zeolites, MCM-type zeolites, mordenite, faujasite, ferrierite, and combinations thereof.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the first component comprises manganese, the second component comprises cerium, and the at least one material characterized by increased surface acidity comprises ZSM-5.
12. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst comprises from about 10 to about 90 percent oxygen storage material on the basis of the oxides, and the oxygen storage material is selected from the group consisting of Ce 1-a Zr a O 2 and Ce 1-c-d Zr c Lan d O 2 , wherein Lan is selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Ho, Yb and mixtures thereof.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, and silica-alumina solutions, composites, and mixtures thereof.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a wash-coat loading of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst on the particulate filter comprises from about 5 to about 300 g/L.
15. A method for selective catalytic reduction of pollutants in an exhaust stream, removing particulates from an exhaust stream, and reduction of soot ignition temperature in a particulate filter, comprising:
directing the exhaust stream through a particulate filter comprising a selective catalytic reduction catalyst, comprising:
a first component selected from the group consisting of copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, niobium, and mixtures thereof;
a second component selected from the group consisting of cerium, a lanthanide, a mixture of lanthanides, and mixtures thereof; and
at least one material characterized by increased surface acidity.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the particulate filter is a diesel particulate filter, and the method further comprising:
adding ammonia to the exhaust stream; and
introducing the exhaust stream to a diesel oxidation catalyst before adding ammonia to the exhaust stream.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the source of ammonia comprises urea, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium formate, ammonia gas or other suitable source.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst further comprises an oxygen storage material.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst comprises from about 1 to about 20 percent of the first component calculated on the basis of the metal, from about 2 to about 35 percent of the second component calculated on the basis of the metal, and from about 10 to about 90 percent of the material characterized by increased surface acidity.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst further comprises strontium.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst further comprises from about 2 to about 35 percent strontium.
22. The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least one material characterized by increased surface acidity is selected from the group consisting of aluminum dioxide and zirconium dioxide which had surface properties modified by treatment with a material selected from the group consisting of sulfur, tungsten, phosphorus, silicon, titanium, and molybdenum, or any other materials which could modify surface acidity, and a zeolite.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-5, zeolite beta, a ZSM-type zeolites, MCM-type zeolites, mordenite, faujasite, ferrierite, and combinations thereof.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the first component comprises manganese, the second component comprises cerium, and the at least one material characterized by increased surface acidity comprises ZSM-5.
25. The method of claim 18 , wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst comprises from about 10 to about 90 percent oxygen storage material on the basis of the oxides, and the oxygen storage material is selected from the group consisting of Ce 1-a Zr a O 2 and Ce 1-c-d Zr c Lan d O 2 , wherein Lan is selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Ho, Yb and mixtures thereof.
26. The method of claim 15 , further comprising at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, and silica-alumina solutions, composites, and mixtures thereof.
27. The method of claim 16 , wherein a wash-coat loading of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst on the diesel particulate filter comprises from about 5 to about 300 g/L.
28. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the particulate filter comprises a diesel particulate filter.