Electrochemical Deposition Methods for Fabricating Group IBIIIAVIA Compound Absorber Based Solar Cells
A method of forming a Group IBIIIAVIA absorber layer on a base for manufacturing a solar cell is provided. The method, in one embodiment, includes forming a precursor stack by electroplating a first metallic layer on the base. The first metallic layer includes at least one of copper, indium and gallium. A first selenium layer is deposited on the first metallic layer, and an interlayer is electrodeposited on the selenium layer. The interlayer includes one of gold and silver. A second metallic layer is electrodeposited on the interlayer, the second metallic layer comprising at least one of copper indium and gallium. The interlayer inhibits dissolution of selenium during the electrodeposition of the second metallic layer. Such prepared precursor stack is reacted at a temperature range of 300-600° C. to form the Group IBIIIAVIA absorber layer.
1 . A method of forming a Group IBIIIAVIA absorber layer on a base for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising:
forming a precursor stack on the base; wherein the step of forming the precursor stack comprises:
forming a first layer over the base, the first layer comprising selenium and optionally at least one of copper, indium and gallium,
depositing an interlayer on the first layer, the interlayer including at least 25 atomic percent of at least one of gold and silver, and
electrodepositing a second metallic layer on the interlayer, the second metallic layer comprising at least one of copper, indium and gallium; and
reacting the precursor stack to form the Group IBIIIAVIA absorber layer.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein the first layer is a first selenium rich layer containing at least 50 atomic percent selenium.
3 . The method of claim 2 wherein the step of forming the precursor stack further includes a step of forming a first metallic layer on the base before the step of forming the first selenium rich layer, wherein the first metallic layer includes at least one of copper, indium and gallium.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of depositing the interlayer is carried out by electrodeposition.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of forming the first selenium rich layer is carried out by electrodeposition.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the first selenium rich layer is a substantially pure selenium layer and wherein the step of forming the first metallic layer is carried out by electrodeposition.
7 . The method of claim 6 wherein the step of reacting the precursor stack is performed at a temperature range of 300-600° C. to form the Group IBIIIAVIA absorber layer.
8 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of forming the first metallic layer is carried out by electrodeposition.
9 . The method of claim 3 wherein the step of reacting the precursor stack is performed at a temperature range of 300-600° C. to form the Group IBIIIAVIA absorber layer.
10 . The method of claim 3 wherein the step of forming the precursor stack further comprises the step of electrodepositing a second selenium rich layer on the second metallic layer.
11 . The method of claim 10 wherein the step of forming the precursor stack further comprises the step of electrodepositing a second interlayer on the second selenium rich layer, the second interlayer including at least 25 atomic percent of at least one of gold and silver.
12 . The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of electrodepositing a third metallic layer on the second interlayer, the third metallic layer comprising at least one of copper, indium, and gallium.
13 . The method of claim 3 wherein the step of electrodepositing the second metallic layer on the interlayer comprises:
applying an electrodeposition solution onto the interlayer, wherein the electrodeposition solution including at least one of copper, indium and gallium; and
applying a cathodic potential to the interlayer to electrodeposit the at least one of copper, indium and gallium within the electrodeposition solution onto the interlayer, wherein the interlayer inhibits dissolution of the first selenium rich layer.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the selenium rich layer is a substantially pure selenium layer.
15 . The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of depositing the interlayer is carried out by electroless deposition.
16 . A precursor structure formed on a base for manufacturing a Group IBIIIAVIA solar cell absorber, comprising:
a first metallic layer formed over the base;
a selenium containing layer formed on the first metallic layer, the selenium containing layer optionally including at least one of copper, indium and gallium;
an interlayer formed on the selenium containing layer, the interlayer including at least 25 atomic percent of at least one of gold and silver; and
a second metallic layer formed on the interlayer, the second metallic layer including at least one of gallium, indium and copper.
17 . The precursor structure of claim 16 wherein the first metallic layer includes at least one of indium, gallium and copper.
18 . The precursor structure of claim 17 wherein the selenium containing layer is a selenium rich layer containing at least 50 atomic percent selenium.
19 . The precursor structure of claim 18 , wherein the interlayer has a thickness of 5-500 nm.
20 . The precursor structure of claim 19 , wherein the selenium rich layer has a thickness of 500-5000 nm.
21 . The precursor structure of claim 19 wherein the selenium rich layer is a substantially pure selenium layer.
22 . The precursor structure of claim 21 wherein the first metallic layer includes at least one of a Cu film, an indium film and a gallium film.
23 . The precursor structure of claim 22 wherein the second metallic layer includes at least one of a copper film, an indium film and a gallium film.