Thermal mass flow sensor with improved response across fluid types
View Patent ↗One embodiment of the present invention comprises a mass flow controller. The mass flow controller may comprise a pair of thermal sensing elements, a bridge circuit adapted to receive at least one first signal from the pair of thermal sensing elements and a differential amplifier adapted to (i) receive at least one bridge signal from the bridge circuit, and (ii) emit an output signal generally proportional to a flow rate of fluid passing through the mass flow controller. The mass flow controller is also comprised in one embodiment of a filter portion of a control module having one or more first filters comprising substantially permanent parameters adapted to provide a more accurate output signal for a baseline fluid upon a change in the flow rate and one or more second filters comprising variable parameters, with each of the one or more second filters being adapted to provide a more accurate output signal for non-baseline fluids upon a change in the flow rate.
1. A mass flow controller comprising,
a thermal mass flow sensor configured to emit an output signal that is indicative of a mass flow rate of a fluid;
a control valve that regulates the flow rate of the fluid;
a memory that includes substantially permanent parameter values that characterize unique physical attributes of the mass flow controller, and the memory includes a plurality of device-independent variable datasets, each of the plurality of device-independent variable datasets includes device-independent parameter values for a corresponding one of a plurality of non-baseline fluids;
a control module that receives the output signal and modifies the output signal of the thermal mass flow sensor, based on a particular type of non-baseline fluid that is being controlled, to improve a response of the thermal mass flow sensor for each of the plurality of non-baseline fluids when there are changes in mass flow rate, and the control module controls the control valve using the modified output signal that is indicative of a mass flow rate of the fluid, the control module including:
one or more first filters that utilize the substantially permanent parameter values to improve the response of the modified output signal to a change in the mass flow rate for a baseline fluid; and
one or more second filters that modify the output signal utilizing device-independent parameter values from a particular one of the device-independent variable datasets depending upon the particular type of non-baseline fluid that is being controlled to improve the response of the modified output signal to the change in the mass flow rate for the particular type of non-baseline fluid that is being controlled.
2. The mass flow controller of claim 1 wherein, the improved response for the baseline fluid and for a single non-baseline fluid comprises a modified output signal (i) more closely proportional to the mass flow rate of fluid for a specified period of time after the change in mass flow rate, and (ii) having not greater than a 0.1% overshoot in measured mass flow rate as compared to the actual mass flow rate.
3. The mass flow controller of claim 2 wherein,
the specified period of time comprises a period of at least 4 seconds; and
the fluid comprises a gas.
4. The mass flow controller of claim 1 wherein,
the one or more first filters and one or more second filters comprise a filter portion of the control module; and further including,
the control valve adapted to receive a final modified output signal from the filter portion of the control module.
5. The mass flow controller of claim 1 wherein,
the thermal mass flow sensor is comprised of a pair of thermal sensing elements adapted to emit a first signal to a bridge circuit, the bridge circuit adapted to emit a bridge signal to a differential amplifier;
the differential amplifier is adapted to emit the output signal; and
the one or more first filters and the one or more second filters comprise at least one of software and firmware.
6. The mass flow controller of claim 1 wherein,
the baseline fluid comprises a tuning fluid used to obtain the substantially permanent parameter values of the one or more first filters.
7. The mass flow controller of claim 1 wherein,
the substantially parameters parameter values of the one or more first filters are adapted to be obtained on a device-by-device basis; and
the device-independent parameter values are are obtained through empirical methods.
8. The mass flow controller of claim 1 wherein, the one or more first filters and
the one or more second filters are applied in series.
9. A signal modification system comprising,
an input adapted to receive an output signal from a differential amplifier, the output signal being generally proportional to a flow rate of a fluid in a mass flow controller main flow line;
a first group of digital filters adapted to modify the output signal to provide a more accurate reading of the flow rate for at least a baseline fluid upon a flow rate change occurring in the main flow line, the first group of digital filters utilize substantially permanent parameter values that characterize unique physical attributes of the mass flow controller;
a second group of digital filters, wherein each of the second group of digital filters is adapted to alter the output signal for non-baseline fluids, the second group of digital filters utilizing device-independent parameter values from a particular device-independent variable dataset that is selected based upon a particular type of non-baseline fluid that is being controlled to improve the response of the output signal to the flow rate change for the particular type of non-baseline fluid that is being controlled; and
an output adapted to emit a final modified output signal after the output signal is modified by the first and second groups of digital filters.
10. The signal modification system of claim 9 wherein,
the flow rate after the flow rate change comprises a second flow rate; and
the final modified output signal comprises no greater than 0.1% overshoot of the second flow rate upon application of the first and second groups of digital filters.
11. The signal modification system of claim 9 wherein,
the substantially permanent parameters values are determined during calibration of the mass flow controller for the baseline fluid; and
the device-independent parameter values are determined independently of the calibration of the mass flow controller.
12. The signal modification system of claim 9 wherein, the non-baseline fluids include gases.
13. The signal modification system of claim 12 wherein, the device-independent parameter values are determined through at least one of empirical methods and gas properties.
14. A method of producing a signal from a mass flow controller comprising,
emitting an output signal from a differential amplifier, the signal being generally proportional to a flow rate of a fluid in the mass flow controller;
modifying the signal through the application of one or more first digital filters, wherein each of the one or more first digital filters comprises a pair of parameters obtained through tuning of the mass flow controller, values of the pair of parameters characterize unique physical attributes of the mass flow controller;
selecting, from among a plurality of device-independent variable datasets, a particular device-independent variable dataset corresponding to a type of the fluid being controlled by the mass flow controller, each of the plurality of device-independent variable datasets includes device-independent parameter values for a corresponding one of a plurality of non-baseline fluids;
modifying the signal through the application of one or more fluid-specific second digital filters having one or more fluid-type-parameters, the values of the fluid-type-parameters are obtained from the particular selected device-independent variable data set; and
outputting a final modified output signal, the final modified output signal being more closely proportional to the flow rate of fluid than the output signal emitted from the differential amplifier.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein, the first and second digital filters are serially-aligned.
16. The method of claim 14 further comprising, outputting a signal from the second digital filter, wherein the signal output from the second digital filter comprises (i) less than a 0.1% overshoot of an actual mass flow rate, and (ii) a quicker response time to a mass flow rate change than an initial modified output signal emitted by the one or more first filters.
17. The method of claim 14 further comprising, changing a fluid flowing through the mass flow controller from a first non-baseline fluid to a second non-baseline fluid.
18. A mass flow controller comprising:
a mass flow sensor configured to provide a flow signal that is indicative of a flow rate of a fluid;
a control valve that regulates the flow rate of the fluid;
a control module that receives the flow signal and generates a modified output signal that controls the control valve to provide a desired mass flow rate, the control module including:
a device-specific filter portion configured to modify the flow signal based upon specific physical attributes of the mass flow controller, the device-specific filter including persistent parameters that are based upon the specific physical attributes of the mass flow controller and are substantially independent of the type of fluid that is controlled by the mass flow controller, and the persistent parameters improve a response of the modified output signal to a change in the mass flow rate for a baseline fluid; and
a fluid-specific filter portion, the fluid-specific filter configured to modify the flow signal based upon the specific fluid that is controlled by the mass flow controller, the fluid-specific filter portion utilizes fluid-specific parameters that are dependent upon the specific fluid that is controlled by the mass flow controller, and the fluid-specific parameters improve the response to the change in the mass flow rate of the modified output signal for the particular type of non-baseline fluid that is being controlled.
19. The mass flow controller of claim 18 , wherein the device-specific filter portion includes a plurality of filters, each of the plurality of filters includes persistent parameters that are substantially independent of the type of fluid that is controlled by the mass flow controller.
20. The mass flow controller of claim 19 , wherein the fluid-specific filter portion includes a plurality of filters, each of the plurality of filters utilizes parameters that are dependent upon the type of fluid that is controlled by the mass flow controller.
21. The mass flow controller of claim 19 including a memory comprising fluid parameters for a plurality of different fluid types, wherein the fluid-specific filter portion is configured to obtain, from the memory, particular fluid parameters for a particular fluid and utilize the particular fluid parameters to modify the flow signal.