Apparatus and method for mixing by producing shear and/or cavitation, and components for apparatus

1. An apparatus for mixing liquids by producing shear and/or cavitation, said apparatus comprising:

at least one inlet;

a mixing chamber, said mixing chamber comprising an entrance, said mixing chamber being in liquid communication with said at least one inlet;

an element with an orifice therein, said element being located adjacent the entrance of said mixing chamber, wherein said orifice is configured to spray liquid in a jet in a general direction and produce shear or cavitation in the liquid, wherein said orifice has a width and a height;

a substantially flat blade in said mixing chamber disposed opposite the element with an orifice therein, said blade having two opposing surfaces that are oriented substantially parallel to the general direction of said liquid spray, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a tip on said leading edge, which tip is the portion of the blade positioned closest to the orifice; and

at least one outlet in liquid communication with said mixing chamber for discharge of liquid following the production of shear or cavitation in said liquid, said at least one outlet being located downstream of said mixing chamber,

wherein said apparatus has at least one of the following features:

(1) said at least one outlet is on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus and can also be used for draining said mixing chamber; and

(2) said apparatus further comprises at least one drain on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus for draining said mixing chamber.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one drain comprises at least an initial section that is oriented generally normal to the surfaces of said blade.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 having an interior, wherein the interior of said apparatus is substantially free of any crevices to minimize the accumulation of matter in the interior of the apparatus as liquid flows through the apparatus.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one inlet comprises a first inlet that is axially oriented, said first inlet having an open downstream end out of which a liquid may be discharged, said apparatus further comprising a channel portion having an upstream end, a downstream end, and interior walls that define a liquid passageway therethrough, wherein the interior walls of said channel portion are tapered so that the interior walls are spaced farther apart at the upstream end thereof, and then become closer together as the downstream ends of said channel portion are approached, and the tapered portion of said channel portion occurs upstream of the open downstream end of the first inlet.

5. An apparatus for mixing liquids by producing shear and/or cavitation, said apparatus comprising:

at least one inlet;

a mixing chamber, said mixing chamber comprising an entrance, said mixing chamber being in liquid communication with said at least one inlet;

an element with an orifice therein, said element being located adjacent the entrance of said mixing chamber, wherein said orifice is configured to spray liquid in a jet and produce shear or cavitation in the liquid, wherein said orifice has a width and a height;

a blade in said mixing chamber disposed opposite the element with an orifice therein, said blade having two opposing surfaces, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a tip on said leading edge, which tip is the portion of the blade positioned closest to the orifice;

a blade holder for holding said blade within said apparatus, wherein said blade holder is movable relative to said orifice so that the distance between the tip of said blade and said orifice can be varied; and

at least one outlet in liquid communication with said mixing chamber for discharge of liquid following the production of shear or cavitation in said liquid, said at least one outlet being located downstream of said mixing chamber,

wherein said apparatus has at least one of the following features:

(1) said at least one outlet is on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus and can also be used draining said mixing chamber; and

(2) said apparatus further comprises at least one drain on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus for draining said mixing chamber.

6. An apparatus for mixing liquids by producing shear and/or cavitation, said apparatus comprising:

at least one inlet;

a mixing chamber, said mixing chamber comprising an entrance, said mixing chamber being in liquid communication with said at least one inlet;

an element with an orifice therein, said element being located adjacent the entrance of said mixing chamber, wherein said orifice is configured to spray liquid in a jet and produce shear or cavitation in the liquid, wherein said orifice has a width and a height;

a blade in said mixing chamber disposed opposite the element with an orifice therein, said blade having two opposing surfaces, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a tip on said leading edge, which tip is the portion of the blade positioned closest to the orifice;

at least two outlets in liquid communication with said mixing chamber for discharge of liquid following the production of shear or cavitation in said liquid, wherein at least one outlet comprising a first outlet located downstream of said mixing chamber; and

a second outlet comprising at least an initial section that is oriented generally normal to the surfaces of said blade and is disposed vertically above said blade when said apparatus is oriented so that said blade is horizontal,

wherein said apparatus has at least one of the following features:

(1) said first outlet is on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus and can also be used for draining said mixing chamber; and

(2) said apparatus further comprises at least one drain on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus for draining said mixing chamber wherein said at least one drain comprises at least an initial section that is oriented generally normal to the surfaces of said blade.

7. An apparatus for mixing liquids by producing shear and/or cavitation, said apparatus comprising:

at least one inlet;

a mixing chamber, said mixing chamber comprising an entrance, said mixing chamber being in liquid communication with said at least one inlet;

an element with an orifice therein, said element being located adjacent the entrance of said mixing chamber, wherein said orifice is configured to spray liquid in a jet and produce shear or cavitation in the liquid, wherein said orifice has a width and a height; and

at least one outlet in liquid communication with said mixing chamber for discharge of liquid following the production of shear or cavitation in said liquid, said at least one outlet being located downstream of said mixing chamber,

wherein said apparatus has at least one of the following features:

(1) said at least one outlet is on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus and can also be used for draining said mixing chamber;

(2) said apparatus further comprises at least one drain on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus for draining said mixing chamber; and

(3) an upstream mixing chamber located between said at least one inlet and said orifice, a second drain on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus in liquid communication with said upstream mixing chamber, and a combination outlet/flushing inlet in liquid communication with said downstream mixing chamber, wherein said second drain is connectable to said combination outlet/flushing inlet.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein:

said at least one inlet comprises a first inlet that is axially oriented, and said first inlet leads into said upstream mixing chamber;

said apparatus further comprises:

a second inlet leading into said upstream mixing chamber, said second inlet being radially oriented; and

wherein said second drain comprises a combination inlet/drain.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said at least one outlet and said combination outlet/flushing inlet are positioned immediately off the mixing chamber and are in direct liquid communication with the mixing chamber so that liquid passes directly from the mixing chamber out of the apparatus through the outlet and combination outlet/flushing inlet.

10. An apparatus for mixing liquids by producing shear and/or cavitation, said apparatus comprising:

at least one inlet;

a mixing chamber, said mixing chamber comprising an entrance, said mixing chamber being in liquid communication with said at least one inlet;

an element with an orifice therein, said element being located adjacent the entrance of said mixing chamber, wherein said orifice is configured to spray liquid in a jet and produce shear or cavitation in the liquid, wherein said orifice has a width and a height;

a blade in said mixing chamber disposed opposite the element with an orifice therein, said blade having two opposing surfaces, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a tip on said leading edge, which tip is the portion of the blade positioned closest to the orifice;

a blade holder, wherein said blade holder has a leading portion, said leading portion being the portion of said blade holder positioned closer to the orifice than other portions of said blade holder, wherein there is at least one cross-section through the leading portion of said blade holder, and said leading portion of said blade holder at said least one cross-section has a height and a width, wherein the width of said leading portion of said blade holder at said cross-section is greater than the height at said cross-section; and

at least one outlet in liquid communication with said mixing chamber for discharge of liquid following the production of shear or cavitation in said liquid, said at least one outlet being located downstream of said mixing chamber,

wherein said apparatus has at least one of the following features:

(1) said at least one outlet is on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus and can also be used for draining said mixing chamber; and

(2) said apparatus further comprises at least one drain on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus for draining said mixing chamber.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said at least one cross-section of said leading portion of said blade holder is symmetrical about its horizontal and vertical axes.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said at least one cross-section is selected from the group consisting of: rectangular, elliptical, flattened elliptical, race track-shaped, and polygonal having a long axis and short axis.

13. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein a cross-section can be taken through said mixing chamber and the leading portion of said blade holder, and the mixing chamber and the leading portion of said blade holder each have a width, and the width of the leading portion of the blade holder is less than or equal to 90% of the width of the portion of the mixing chamber corresponding to the cross-section of the blade holder.

14. An apparatus for mixing liquids by producing shear and/or cavitation, said apparatus comprising:

at least one inlet;

a mixing chamber, said mixing chamber comprising an entrance, said mixing chamber being in liquid communication with said at least one inlet;

an element with an orifice therein, said element being located adjacent the entrance of said mixing chamber, wherein said orifice is configured to spray liquid in a jet and produce shear or cavitation in the liquid, wherein said orifice has a width and a height;

a blade in said mixing chamber disposed opposite the element with an orifice therein, said blade having two opposing surfaces, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a tip on said leading edge, which tip is the portion of the blade positioned closest to the orifice;

a blade holder for holding said blade within said apparatus, wherein said blade holder is movable relative to said orifice so that the distance between the tip of said blade and said orifice can be varied; and

at least one outlet in liquid communication with said mixing chamber for discharge of liquid following the production of shear or cavitation in said liquid, said at least one outlet being located downstream of said mixing chamber,

wherein said apparatus has at least one of the following features:

(1) said at least one outlet is on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus and can also be used for draining said mixing chamber;

(2) said apparatus further comprises at least one drain on the gravitational bottom of said apparatus for draining said mixing chamber wherein said blade has at least one notch in its leading edge.