Items ratio based price/discount adjustment in a combinatorial auction
View Patent ↗In a combinatorial exchange, rules can be input for processing bids and a desired exchange objective can be defined. A subset of the rules can be used to determine if an allocation of the bids exists that is optimal for the type of exchange being conducted. If the desired exchange objective is not satisfied, new allocations can be determined using different subsets of rules each time until the desired exchange objective is satisfied. At least one of the bids can include a reference ratio; a discount; a price associated with a quantity Q 1 of a first item; a price associated with a quantity Q 2 of a second item; and a rule that causes said discount to be applied to an average price of Q 1 and an average price of Q 2 for each instance of the allocated quantity Q 1 over the allocated quantity Q 2 that equals the reference ratio.
1. A computer-implemented method of conducting a combinatorial exchange, wherein combinatorial bids allow exchange participants to bid on multiple items with a single bid, the method comprising:
(a) storing instructions in a computer storage, wherein said instructions, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to determine an allocation of bids in a combinatorial exchange;
(b) storing in the computer storage a set of rules for processing of bids received in connection with the exchange, wherein said set of rules is distinct of the instructions of step (a);
(c) storing in the computer storage from each of a plurality of exchange participants at least one bid of (1) a first bid type comprised of a quantity for each of one or more items and a single price for all the quantities of all of the items or (2) a second bid type comprised of a first item, a quantity or a range of quantities for said first item, and a unit price for said first item;
(d) storing in the computer storage a desired exchange objective;
(e) determining via the processor operating under the control of the instructions of step (a) subject to a subset of the set of rules of step (b) and subject to the desired exchange objective if an allocation of the bids exists that is optimal for the type of exchange being conducted, wherein:
if said allocation exists, it includes a subset of the bids;
if the subset of the bids includes one or more first bid type, each first bid type includes all of the items of the bid and at least part of the quantity of each item;
if the subset of the bids includes one or more second bid type, each second bid type includes the quantity or a quantity within the range of quantities for the first item; and
(f) terminating the combinatorial exchange when the optimal allocation is determined to exist in step (e), otherwise repeat step (e) utilizing a different subset of the set of rules of step (b) for each iteration of step (e) until the optimal allocation is determined to exist, wherein at least one of the bids stored in step (c) has associated therewith:
a reference ratio;
a discount;
a price associated with a quantity Q 1 of a first item;
a price associated with a quantity Q 2 of a second item; and
a rule that causes said discount to be applied to an average price of Q 1 and an average price of Q 2 for each instance of the allocated quantity Q 1 over the allocated quantity Q 2 that equals the reference ratio.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the discount is a percent discount.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein, for the allocated quantity Q 1 and/or the allocated quantity Q 2 not necessary to form an instance of the allocated quantity Q 1 over the allocated quantity Q 2 that equals the reference ratio, said discount is not applied to the average price of Q 1 and/or Q 2 of said unnecessary quantity.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second bid type further includes a second item, a first ratio defining the quantity of the second item to be included in each allocation as a function of the quantity of the first item included in the allocation, and a unit price for the second item.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the price of the second bid type included in each allocation includes (1) the quantity of the first item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the first item added to (2) the quantity of the second item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the second item.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the quantity of the second item included in the allocation is the quantity of the first item included in the allocation multiplied by the first ratio.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first ratio is selected from a range of first ratios between a minimum first ratio value and a maximum first ratio value, inclusive.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the second bid type further includes a third item, a second ratio defining the quantity of the third item to be included in each allocation as a function of the quantity of either the first item or the second item included in the allocation, and a unit price for the third item.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the price of the second bid type included in each allocation includes (1) the quantity of the first item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the first item; added to (2) the quantity of the second item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the second item; added to (3) the quantity of the third item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the third item.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the quantity of the third item included in each allocation is the quantity of either the first item or the second item included in the allocation multiplied by the second ratio.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the second ratio is selected from a range of second ratios between a minimum second ratio value and a maximum second ratio value, inclusive.
12. A computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of:
(a) store in a computer storage a set of rules for processing of bids received in connection with a combinatorial exchange where combinatorial bids allow exchange participants to bid on multiple items with a single bid, wherein said set of rules is distinct of the instructions;
(b) store in the computer storage at least one bid received from each of a plurality of exchange participants, wherein each bid is comprised of: (1) at least one item, (2) an initial quantity of each item, and (3) a unit price for each item or a price for all the item(s) and their quantities;
(c) store in the computer storage a desired exchange objective;
(d) determine under the control of the instructions subject to a subset of the set of rules of step (a) and the desired exchange objective if an allocation of the bids exists that is optimal for the type of exchange being conducted, wherein if said allocation exists, it includes a subset of the bids stored in step (b) and each bid of said subset includes all of the items of the bid and at least part of the initial quantity of each item; and
(e) terminate the combinatorial exchange when the optimal allocation is determined to exist in step (d), otherwise repeat step (d) utilizing a different subset of the set of rules of step (a) for each iteration of step (d) until the optimal allocation is determined to exist, wherein at least one of the bids stored in step (b) has associated with:
a reference ratio;
a discount;
a price associated with a quantity Q 1 of a first item;
a price associated with a quantity Q 2 of a second item; and
a rule associated with said at least one bid that causes said discount to be applied to an average price of Q 1 and an average price of Q 2 for each instance of the allocated quantity Q 1 over the allocated quantity Q 2 that equals the reference ratio.
13. The computer readable medium of claim 12 , wherein the discount is a percent discount.
14. The computer readable medium of claim 12 , wherein, for the allocated quantity Q 1 and/or the allocated quantity Q 2 not necessary to form an instance of the allocated quantity Q 1 over the allocated quantity Q 2 that equals the reference ratio, said discount is not applied to the average price of Q 1 and/or Q 2 of said unnecessary quantity.
15. The computer readable medium of claim 12 , wherein the second bid type further includes a second item, a first ratio defining the quantity of the second item to be included in each allocation as a function of the quantity of the first item included in the allocation, and a unit price for the second item.
16. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the price of the second bid type included in each allocation includes (1) the quantity of the first item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the first item added to (2) the quantity of the second item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the second item.
17. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the quantity of the second item included in the allocation is the quantity of the first item included in the allocation multiplied by the first ratio.
18. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the first ratio is selected from a range of first ratios between a minimum first ratio value and a maximum first ratio value, inclusive.
19. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the second bid type further includes a third item, a second ratio defining the quantity of the third item to be included in each allocation as a function of the quantity of either the first item or the second item included in the allocation, and a unit price for the third item.
20. The computer readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the price of the second bid type included in each allocation includes (1) the quantity of the first item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the first item; added to (2) the quantity of the second item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the second item; added to (3) the quantity of the third item included in the allocation multiplied by the unit price for the third item.
21. The computer readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the quantity of the third item included in each allocation is the quantity of either the first item or the second item included in the allocation multiplied by the second ratio.
22. The computer readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the second ratio is selected from a range of second ratios between a minimum second ratio value and a maximum second ratio value, inclusive.