Aqueous Polymerization Process for the Manufacture of Fluoropolymer Comprising Repeating Units Arising from a Perfluoromonomer and a Monomer Having a Functional Group and a Polymerizable Carbon-Carbon Double Bond
Disclosed is an aqueous polymerization process for the manufacture of a fluoropolymer comprising repeating units arising from a perfluoromonomer and a monomer having a functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, comprising: (A) combining water and a perfluoromonomer to form a reaction mixture; (B) initiating polymerization of the perfluoromonomer; (C) polymerizing a portion of the perfluoromonomer to form particles of polymerized perfluoromonomer in the reaction mixture; (D) adding to the reaction mixture a monomer having a functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond; and (E) polymerizing the perfluoromonomer and the monomer having a functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond in the presence of the particles of polymerized perfluoromonomer to form the fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer is useful as an adhesive and coating.
1 . An aqueous polymerization process for the manufacture of a fluoropolymer comprising repeating units arising from a perfluoromonomer and a hydrocarbon monomer having a functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, comprising:
(A) combining water and a perfluoromonomer to form a reaction mixture;
(B) initiating polymerization of said perfluoromonomer;
(C) polymerizing a portion of said perfluoromonomer to form particles of polymerized perfluoromonomer in said reaction mixture;
(D) adding to said reaction mixture a monomer having a functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, wherein all monovalent atoms in said monomer having a functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond are hydrogen; and
(E) polymerizing said perfluoromonomer and said hydrocarbon monomer having a functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond in the presence of said particles of polymerized perfluoromonomer to form said fluoropolymer.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein surfactant is further added to said reaction mixture and said reaction mixture comprises an aqueous dispersion.
3 . The process of claim 1 , further comprising heating said reaction mixture.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said functional group is a carboxyl group.
5 . The process of claim 4 , wherein the pH of said reaction mixture measured at 25° C. is less than the pK a of the carboxylic acid corresponding to said monomer having a functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.
6 . The process of claim 4 , wherein said monomer having a functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond comprises a monomer having a dicarboxylic acid group capable of forming a cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, and wherein the pH of said reaction mixture measured at 25° C. is less than the pK a1 of said monomer having a dicarboxylic acid group capable of forming a cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.
7 . The process of claim 4 , wherein said reaction mixture further comprises a strong acid.
8 . The process of claim 4 , wherein said reaction mixture further comprises an acidic buffer.
9 . A fluoropolymer made by the process of claim 1 ,
wherein said perfluoromonomer comprises at least one repeating unit arising from tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether), and
wherein said functional group is at least one selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, amine, amide, hydroxyl, phosphonate, sulfonate, nitrile, boronate and epoxide.
10 . The fluoropolymer of claim 9 , wherein said fluoropolymer is semicrystalline and melt processible.