Method and sensor arrangement for determining the position and/or change of position of a measured object relative to a sensor
A method for determining the position and/or change of position of a measured object relative to a sensor, where the sensor preferably has a sensor coil to which an alternating current is applied, is characterized in that a magnet associated with the measured object, in a soft magnetic foil, whose permeability changes under the influence of a magnetic field on the basis of the magnetic field's field strength and which is arranged in the area of influence of the sensor, brings about a change in the permeability of the foil and in that the change in the permeability of the foil is determined from the latter's reaction to the sensor, and this is used to determine the position and/or change of position of the measured object relative to the sensor. A sensor arrangement is designed accordingly.
1. A method for determination of the position or position change of a measured object relative to a sensor, said method comprising:
providing a sensor having a sensor coil acted upon with alternating current,
wherein a change in permeability of a foil is produced by a magnet assigned to the measured object in a soft magnetic foil whose permeability changes under the influence of a magnetic field as a function of the field intensity of the magnetic field and which is arranged in an area of influence of the sensor and wherein the change in permeability of the foil is determined from a feedback on the sensor and from it the position or position change of measured object relative to the sensor, and
wherein a magnetic field is generated by a compensation coil excited with direct current, by means of which the permeability of the foil or parts of the foil is influenced.
2. The method according to claim 1 , in which
the direct current can be adjusted so that an essentially constant magnetic field of the sensor coil is established.
3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising calibrating the sensor, wherein the following steps are conducted to calibrate the sensor:
positioning of the measured object at a number of positions h relative to the sensor with a step width δh,
supplying an alternating current to the sensor coil,
determining the impedance Z or relative impedance change ΔZ/Z of the sensor coil at each of the positions,
determining a characteristic that describes a dependence of relative sensitivity S of the sensor coil on position h of the measured object, in which
S
=
Δ
Z
/
Z
δ
h
determining position h 0 in the characteristic at which the relative sensitivity S assumes maximum values,
storing the value of complex impedance Z 0 , which corresponds to position h 0 , in a nonvolatile memory,
supplying direct current to the compensation coil,
determining impedance Z or relative impedance change ΔZ/Z of the sensor coil at each position h, in which the magnetic fields of the sensor coil, the compensation coil and the magnet act on the foil,
changing the direct current in measurement range ±Δh until a stored target value of the impedance is reached, and
determining the dependence of the direct current on the position change of the measured object.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein determination of the impedance or its change is carried out to detect the feedback on the sensor coil produced by the change in permeability of the foil, in which
the real part Re{Z} and the imaginary part Im{Z} of the complex impedance of the sensor coil and the ratio D =Re{Z}/Im{Z} can be determined.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the magnitude of the direct current through the compensation coil is adjusted in a tracking control by a closed control circuit, in which
the ratio D can be used as target value for the control circuit or in which
the imaginary part Im{Z} can be used to determine the position change between the measured object and the sensor, in which D is preferably kept constant or in which
the intensity of the direct current that flows through the compensation coil can be used for position determination.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein a maximum relative sensitivity S of the sensor is kept constant over an entire measurement range or part of it by the control.
7. A sensor arrangement for determination of the position or position change of a measured object relative to a sensor, said sensor arrangement comprising:
a magnet assigned to the measured object; and
a sensor having a sensor coil acted upon with alternating current,
wherein in an area of influence of the sensor, a foil of soft magnetic material is arranged, in which the permeability of the foil varies under the influence of a magnetic field as a function of the field intensity of the magnetic field and wherein an evaluation circuit is provided by means of which the change in permeability of the foil is determined from its feedback on the sensor and the conclusion concerning the position or position change of the measured object relative to the sensor is drawn, and
wherein a compensation coil excited with direct current is provided with which the permeability of the foil or part of the foil is influenced.
8. The sensor arrangement according to claim 7 , in which
the magnetic fields of the sensor coil, the compensation coil and the magnet can overlap to a resulting magnetic field or in which
the sensor coil can be galvanically separated from the compensation coil.
9. The sensor arrangement according to claim 7 , wherein the direct current can be adjusted in its intensity or
wherein the magnet includes a permanent magnet or an electromagnet or
wherein the foil is capacitively coupled to the sensor coil and has an electrical contact, in which an oscillator can be connected between the contact of foil and a connection of the sensor coil.
10. The sensor arrangement according to claim 9 , wherein a second connection of the sensor coil is connected to an input of amplifier of the evaluation circuit, in which a signal U 2 produced by the amplifier is proportional to a relative impedance change ΔZ/Z of the sensor coil, in which
an electronic arrangement can be provided to determine two orthogonal components of voltage U 2 , in which one of the two components is proportional to the real part Re{Z} and the other is proportional to the imaginary part Im{Z} of the complex impedance Z of the sensor coil.
11. The sensor arrangement according to claim 10 , wherein the electronic arrangement contains an A/D converter, a processor and a memory and is connected to the input of the voltage source via an optocoupler.
12. The sensor arrangement according to claim 11 , wherein a second connection of the sensor coil is connected to an amplifier of the evaluation circuit, in which a signal U 2 at the output of the amplifier is proportional to an impedance change ΔZ/Z of the sensor coil.
13. The sensor arrangement according to claim 9 , wherein a second connection of the sensor coil is connected to an input of amplifier of the evaluation circuit, in which a signal U 2 produced by the amplifier is proportional to the relative impedance change ΔZ/Z of the sensor coil, in which the electronic arrangement produces signals U 3 and U 4 , in which the oscillator can be synchronized by the signal U 4 and the signal U 3 can be used to control the voltage source.
14. The sensor arrangement according to claim 7 , wherein the sensor is applied to a round support or
wherein the sensor is configured flat and is applied to a preferably flat support or
wherein because of the change in permeability of the foil, the penetration depth of the electromagnetic field generated by the sensor coil can be increased and wherein the foil is dimensioned in thickness so that the electromagnetic field can pass through the foil in the areas with low permeability or
wherein a conducting surface is provided, which is arranged next to the foil and on a side facing away from sensor coil, in which
the electromagnetic field passing through the foil can induce eddy currents in the conducting surface.
15. A sensor arrangement for determination of the position or position change of a measured object relative to a sensor, said sensor arrangement comprising:
a magnet assigned to the measured object; and
a sensor having a sensor coil acted upon with alternating current,
wherein a foil made of soft magnetic material is arranged in an area of influence of the sensor, in which the permeability of the foil varies under the influence of a magnetic field as a function of the field intensity of the magnetic field and in which movement of the measured object occurs essentially in directions parallel to an expansion direction of foil and wherein the change in permeability of foil is determined from the feedback on the sensor and from it the position or position change of the measured object relative to the sensor, and
wherein a region of higher permeability is formed in the foil, a region of reduced permeability and a transitional region between the two regions, and wherein depending on the distance between the sensor and measured object, the transitional region is displaced along the foil.
16. The sensor arrangement according to claim 15 , wherein an evaluation circuit is provided by means of which the change in permeability of the foil is determined from its feedback on the sensor coil, in which
the magnet includes a permanent magnet or electromagnet or in which
the foil can be capacitively coupled to the sensor coil and can have an electrical contact, in which
an oscillator is connected between contact of the foil and a connection of the sensor coil.
17. A method for determination of the position or position change of a measured object relative to a sensor, said method comprising:
providing a sensor having a sensor coil acted upon with alternating current, wherein a change in permeability of a foil is produced by a magnet assigned to the measured object in a soft magnetic foil whose permeability changes under the influence of a magnetic field as a function of the field intensity of the magnetic field and which is arranged in an area of influence of the sensor and wherein the change in permeability of the foil is determined from a feedback on the sensor and from it the position or position change of measured object relative to the sensor,
wherein movement of the measured object occurs essentially in directions parallel to an expansion direction of the foil, wherein a region of higher permeability is formed in the foil, a region of reduced permeability and a transitional region between the two regions, and wherein depending on the distance between the sensor and measured object, the transitional region is displaced along the foil.