System for embedding data
View Patent ↗A method and system for embedding data in video frames is described, the method comprising receiving marking information, representing the marking information as a 2-coordinate vector, denoted ω , where the 2-coordinates are denoted, respectively, α, β, such that ω =(α, β), providing a video frame to be marked, the video frame including a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the plurality of pixels being represented as p, where p=(x, y), x and y including coordinates of pixel p, the plurality of pixels being represented as a triad of color elements, denoted, respectively, as R, G, and B, and marking the video frame by transforming each pixel among the plurality of pixels as follows R′(p)=R(p)+R>, G′(p)=G(p)+G>, and B′(p)=B(p)+B>, where R> represents a dot product operation on p and ω R, G> represents a dot product operation on p and ω G, and B> represents a dot product operation on p and ω B.
1. A method comprising:
at a marking information receiver, receiving marking information;
at a processor, representing the marking information as a 2-coordinate vector, denoted ω, where the 2-coordinates are denoted, respectively, α, β, such that ω=(α, β);
providing a video frame to be marked, the video frame comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the plurality of pixels being represented as p, where p=(x, y), x and y comprising coordinates of pixel p, the plurality of pixels being represented as a triad of color elements, denoted, respectively, as R, G, and B; and
at a video frame marker, marking the video frame by transforming each pixel among the plurality of pixels as follows:
R ′( p )= R ( p )+< p,ω R >:
G ′( p )= G ( p )+< p,ω G >; and
B ′( p )= B ( p )+< p,ω B >,
where:
<p, ω R > represents a dot product operation on p and ω R ;
<p, ω G > represents a dot product operation on p and ω G ; and
<p, ω B > represents a dot product operation on p and ω B ,
wherein R(p), G(p) and B(p), respectively, are pixel p's original red, green, and blue component, and R′(p), G′(p) and B′(p) respectively, are pixel p's red, green, and blue component after data marking, and ω equals information to inject, represented as a 2-coordinate vector (α, β).
2. The method according to claim 1 and wherein the marking information comprises information identifying a rendering device.
3. The method according to claim 2 and wherein the information identifying a rendering device comprises a unique device identifier.
4. The method according to claim 1 and wherein the marking information comprises a copyright mark.
5. The method according to claim 1 and wherein the marking information comprises access rights data.
6. The method according to claim 5 and wherein the access rights data comprise playback/copying permission.
7. The method according to claim 1 and wherein the at least one color element comprises a Red-Green-Blue color element.
8. The method according to claim 1 and wherein the at least one color element comprises a chrominance/luminance color element.
9. The method according to claim 8 and wherein the chrominance/luminance color element comprises a YCbCr chrominance/luminance color element.
10. The method according to claim 8 and wherein the chrominance/luminance color element comprises a YPbPr chrominance/luminance color element.
11. The method according to claim 8 and wherein the chrominance/luminance color element comprises a YDbDr chrominance/luminance color element.
12. The method according to claim 8 and wherein the chrominance/luminance color element comprises a xvYCC chrominance/luminance color element.
13. The method according to claim 1 and wherein R′(p), G′(p), and B′(p) do not exceed a maximum value allowed for each said color element in a color representation system.
14. The method according to claim 13 and wherein any of R′(p), G′(p), and B′(p) are truncated to ensure that any of R′(p), G′(p), and B′(p) do not exceed the maximum value.
15. The method according to claim 13 and wherein the color representation system comprises a Red-Green-Blue color representation system.
16. The method according to claim 13 and wherein the color representation system comprises a chrominance/luminance color representation system.
17. The method according to claim 1 and wherein R′(p), G′(p), and B′(p) do not fall below a minimum value allowed for each said color element in a color representation system.
18. The method according to claim 17 and wherein any of R′(p), G′(p), and B′(p) are truncated to ensure that any of R′(p), G′(p), and B′(p) do not exceed the minimum value.
19. The method according to claim 17 and wherein the color representation system comprises a Red-Green-Blue color representation system.
20. The method according to claim 17 and wherein the color representation system comprises a chrominance/luminance color representation system.
21. The method according to claim 1 and wherein the representing the marking information as a 2-coordinate vector comprises:
expressing the marking information as a string of bits;
subdividing the string of bits into a plurality of sub-strings of bits; and
translating the each one of the plurality of sub-strings of bits into a corresponding 2-coordinate vector.
22. The method according to claim 21 and wherein each one of the plurality of sub-strings of bits comprises a three bit string of bits.
23. The method according to claim 21 and wherein each one of the plurality of sub-strings of bits comprises a two bit string of bits.
24. A system comprising:
a marking information receiver receiving at a processor a 2-coordinate vector;
the 2-coordinate vector, denoted ω, where the 2-coordinates are denoted, respectively, α, β, such that ω=(α, β), the 2-coordinate vector representing the marking information;
a video frame to be marked, the video frame comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the plurality of pixels being represented as p, where p=(x, y), x and y comprising coordinates of pixel p, the plurality of pixels being represented as a triad of color elements, denoted, respectively, as R, G, and B; and
a video frame marker operative to mark the video frame by transforming each pixel among the plurality of pixels as follows:
R ′( p )= R ( p )+< p,ω R >;
G ′( p )= G ( p )+< p,ω G >; and
B ′( p )= B ( p )+< p,ω B >,
where:
<p, ω R > represents a dot product operation on p and ω R ;
<p, ω G > represents a dot product operation on p and ω G ; and
<p, ω B > represents a dot product operation on p and ω B ,
wherein R(p), G(p) and B(p), respectively, are pixel p's original red, green, and blue component, and R′(p), G′(p) and B′(p) respectively, are pixel p's red, green, and blue component after data marking, and co equals information to inject, represented as a 2-coordinate vector (α, β).
25. A non-transitory computer storage medium, storing software to implement receiving a video stream, comprising:
a video stream comprising a plurality of video frames, each of the plurality of video frames comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the plurality of pixels being represented as p, where p=(x, y), x and y comprising coordinates of pixel p, the plurality of pixels being represented as a triad of color elements, denoted, respectively, as R, G, and B,
wherein:
marking information has been utilized to transform each pixel among the plurality of pixels, the marking information represented as a 2-coordinate vector, denoted ω, where the 2-coordinates are denoted, respectively, α, β, such that ω=(α, β), as follows:
R ′( p )= R ( p )+< p,ω R >;
G ′( p )= G ( p )+< p,ω G >; and
B ′( p )= B ( p )+< p,ω B >,
where:
<p, ω R > represents a dot product operation on p and ω R ;
<p, ω G > represents a dot product operation on p and ω G ; and
<p, ω B > represents a dot product operation on p and ω B ,
wherein R(p), G(p) and B(p), respectively, are pixel p's original red, green, and blue component, and R′(p), G′(p) and B′(p) respectively, are pixel p's red, green, and blue component after data marking, and co equals information to inject, represented as a 2-coordinate vector (α, β).
26. A system comprising:
means for receiving marking information;
means for representing the marking information as a 2-coordinate vector, denoted ω, where the 2-coordinates are denoted, respectively, α, β, such that ω=(α, β);
means for providing a video frame to be marked, the video frame comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the plurality of pixels being represented as p, where p=(x, y), x and y comprising coordinates of pixel p, the plurality of pixels being represented as a triad of color elements, denoted, respectively, as R, G, and B; and
means for marking the video frame by transforming each pixel among the plurality of pixels as follows:
R ′( p )= R ( p )+< p,ω R >;
G ′( p )= G ( p )+< p,ω G >; and
B ′( p )= B ( p )+< p,ω B >,
where:
<p, ω R > represents a dot product operation on p and ω R ;
<p, ω G > represents a dot product operation on p and ω G ; and
<p, ω B > represents a dot product operation on p and ω B ,
wherein R(p), G(p) and B(p), respectively, are pixel p's original red, green, and blue component, and R′(p), G′(p) and B′(p) respectively, are pixel p's red, green, and blue component after data marking, and ω equals information to inject, represented as a 2-coordinate vector (α, β).