Printed circuit boards
A printed circuit board to which a localised solder connection is to be made, the surface of said printed circuit board having a continuous or non-continuous coating of a composition comprising a halo-hydrocarbon polymer at a thickness of from 1 nm to 10 μm.
1. A printed circuit board, comprising:
a substrate comprising an insulating material;
a plurality of conductive tracks attached to at least one surface of the substrate;
a coating deposited on the at least one surface of the substrate, the coating covering at least a portion of the plurality of conductive tracks, the coating comprising at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer;
at least one electrical component connected by a solder joint to at least one conductive track, wherein the solder joint is soldered through the coating in a soldering process such that the solder joint abuts the coating; and
wherein:
the solder joint is formed on a particular region of the substrate after a substantially continuous layer of the coating is deposited on the substrate; and
the soldering process removes the coating from the particular region of the substrate without removing the coating from other regions of the substrate.
2. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the coating has a thickness from 1 nanometer to 10 micrometers.
3. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the coating has a thickness from 10 nanometers to 100 nanometers.
4. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the coating is deposited prior to formation of the solder joint such that there is essentially no solder between the coating and the plurality of conductive tracks.
5. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer comprises one or more fluoro-hydrocarbons.
6. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein less than five percent of the total number of atoms in the at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer are heteroatoms.
7. The printed circuit board of claim 6 , wherein:
the at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer has a straight or branched chain structure;
the at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer comprises at least one heteroatom; and
the at least one heteroatom comprises at least one of:
nitrogen;
sulfur; and
oxygen.
8. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises:
a first layer comprising a metal halide; and
a second layer comprising at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer.
9. The printed circuit board of claim 8 , wherein the first layer comprising a metal halide allows self fluxing during soldering of the at least one electrical component.
10. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises:
a first layer comprising a metal halide, the first layer protecting the plurality of conductive tracks from oxidation; and
a second layer comprising one or more halo-hydrocarbon polymers, the second layer protecting the plurality of conductive tracks from corrosion.
11. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises:
a first layer comprising a metal fluoride, the first layer in direct contact with the plurality of conductive tracks, the first layer having a thickness from 3 angstroms to 5 nanometers; and
a second layer comprising one or more halo-hydrocarbon polymers, the second layer in direct contact with the first layer, the second layer having a thickness from 1 nanometer to 10 micrometers.
12. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the coating has a variable thickness such that a portion of the coating on a first region of the substrate has a different thickness than another portion of the coating on a second region of the substrate, wherein the first region of the substrate comprises a region that is distinct from the second region of the substrate.
13. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of conductive tracks are copper tracks; and
the at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer comprises a PTFE type material.
14. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the coating is deposited by plasma deposition using one or more precursor compounds comprising at least one of:
a perfluoroalkane;
a perfluoroalkene;
a perfluoroalkyne;
a fluoroalkane;
a fluoroalkene;
a fluoroalkyne;
a fluorochloroalkane;
a fluorochloroalkene; and
a fluorochloroalkyne.
15. The printed circuit board of claim 14 , wherein the one or more precursor compounds have a straight chain or branched chain structure.
16. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the soldering process comprises heating a flux at the particular region of the substrate and the flux dissolves the coating from the particular region without dissolving the coating from other regions of the substrate.
17. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the soldering process comprises heating a flux at the particular region of the substrate and the flux removes the coating from the particular region without the coating from other regions of the substrate.
18. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , further comprising a particular electrical component that is wire bonded through the coating to at least one conductive track.
19. The printed circuit board of 18 , wherein:
the particular electrical component is wire bonded through the coating to the at least one conductive track by a wire coated with the coating; and
the wire bond is formed without first removing the coating from the wire.
20. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the electrical impedance through the coating along an axis perpendicular to the at least one surface of the substrate is lower than the electrical impedance through the coating along an axis parallel to the at least one surface of the substrate.
21. The printed circuit board of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive region between the substrate and the coating, wherein the conductive region comprises at least of portion of the plurality of conductive tracks and the conductive region is operable to make electrical contact through the coating to an electrical component without removing the coating from the conductive region.
22. A printed circuit board, comprising:
a substrate comprising an insulating material;
a plurality of conductive tracks attached to at least one surface of the substrate; and
a coating deposited on the plurality of conductive tracks such that there is essentially no solder between the coating and the plurality of conductive tracks, the coating comprising at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer that allows a connection to be soldered through the coating in a soldering process to at least one conductive track to form a solder joint without first removing the coating from the at least one conductive track; and
wherein:
the solder joint is formed on a particular region of the substrate after a substantially continuous layer of the coating is deposited on the substrate; and
the soldering process removes the coating from the particular region of the substrate without removing the coating from other regions of the substrate.
23. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein the coating has a thickness from 1 nanometer to 10 micrometers.
24. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein the coating has a thickness from 10 nanometers to 100 nanometers.
25. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein the at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer comprises one or more fluoro-hydrocarbons.
26. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein less than five percent of the total number of atoms in the at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer are heteroatoms.
27. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein the coating comprises:
a first layer comprising a metal halide, the first layer protecting the plurality of conductive tracks from oxidation; and
a second layer comprising one or more halo-hydrocarbon polymers.
28. The printed circuit board of claim 27 , wherein the first layer comprising the metal halide allows self fluxing during soldering of the connection to said plurality of conductive track.
29. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein the coating has a variable thickness such that a portion of the coating on a first region of the substrate has a different thickness than another portion of the coating on a second region of the substrate, wherein the first region of the substrate comprises a region that is distinct from the second region of the substrate.
30. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein:
the plurality of conductive tracks are copper tracks; and
the at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer comprises a PTFE type material.
31. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein the soldering process comprises heating a flux at the particular region of the substrate and the flux dissolves the coating from the particular region without dissolving the coating from other regions of the substrate.
32. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein the soldering process comprises heating a flux at the particular region of the substrate and the flux removes the coating from the particular region without removing the coating from other regions of the substrate.
33. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , wherein the electrical impedance through the coating along an axis perpendicular to the at least one surface of the substrate is lower than the electrical impedance through the coating along an axis parallel to the at least one surface of the substrate.
34. The printed circuit board of claim 22 , further comprising an electrical component that is wire bonded through the coating to at least one conductive track.
35. An apparatus, comprising:
a substrate;
a coating deposited on at least one surface of the substrate, the coating comprising at least one halo-hydrocarbon polymer;
at least one metal contact between the substrate and the coating; and
at least one electrical component connected by a solder joint to the at least one metal contact, wherein the solder joint is soldered through the coating in a soldering process such that the solder joint abuts the coating; and
wherein:
the solder joint is formed on a particular region of the substrate after a substantially continuous layer of the coating is deposited on the substrate; and
the soldering process removes the coating from the particular region of the substrate without removing the coating from other regions of the substrate.