HYBRID ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS WITH PHOTOACTIVE SEMINCONDUCTOR NANOPARTICLES ENCLOSED IN SURFACE MODIFIERS
The present invention relates to a solar cell in which semiconductor nanoparticles are surrounded by a photoactive surfactant material in the photoactive layer.
1 - 11 . (canceled)
12 . A solar cell comprising
at least one semiconductor nanoparticle surrounded by at least one photoactive surfactant material in at least one part of the photoactive layer.
13 . The solar cell according to claim 12 , wherein the at least one photoactive surfactant material comprises a p- and/or n-conductive material.
14 . The solar cell according to claim 12 , wherein the semiconductor nanoparticle surface has a coverage density of, in an average, ≧50% to ≦100%.
15 . The solar cell according to claim 12 , wherein the semiconductor nanoparticles are embedded in a photoactive matrix.
16 . The solar cell according to claim 12 , wherein the volume ratio VA of semiconductor nanoparticles and the surrounding surfactant material relative to the photoactive layer is
VA
=
V
nano
+
V
surfactant
V
active
·
layer
≧0.1, preferably ≧0.2 to ≦0.74, and more preferably ≧0.35 to ≦0.6.
17 . The solar cell according to claim 12 , wherein the surfactant material comprises a p-conductive material and the mobility within the surfactant material is ≧0.001 cm 2 /Vs to ≦10 cm 2 /Vs.
18 . The solar cell according to claim 12 , wherein the surfactant material comprises an n-conductive material and the mobility within the surfactant material is ≧0.00001 cm 2 /Vs to ≦10 cm 2 /Vs.
19 . The solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant material comprises at least one material having a solubility of ≧10 g/l to ≦400 g/l in at least one solvent having an ET-value of ≧30 to ≦42.
20 . The solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant material comprises at least one first p-conductive material and at least one second n-conductive material, and the mixing ratio of p-conductive to n-conductive material is 0.2:1 to 4:1.
21 . The solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the molar proportions of the p- and n-conductive materials in the photoactive surfactant material is inversely proportional to the ratio of the absorption (optical density) of the p- and n-conductive components of the overall solar cell according to
n
p
n
n
=
A
·
a
n
a
p
·
σ
n
σ
p
,
wherein n p is the molar amount of the p-conductive material, n n is the molar amount of the n-conductive material in the photoactive surfactant material, correspondingly a n or p is the absorption of the n- or p-conductive material n of the solar cell and σ n or p is the conductivity of the n- and p-conductive photoactive surfactant material, and where the factor A is ≧0.05 and ≦20.
22 . A Method for using a solar cell comprising the steps of
providing a solar cell having at least one semiconductor nanoparticle surrounded by at least one photoactive surfactant material in at least one part of the photoactive layer for portable electronic applications.