Salt water swellable compositions and articles
The compositions, articles and methods described herein remain intact for sealing between and around structures that contact salt water. The compositions include: (i) a partially cross-linked polyacrylamide/partially neutralized polyacrylic acid copolymer; (ii) a smectite clay; (iii) an elastomer, e.g., butyl rubber; (iv) a polyolefin polymer or copolymer; and (v) a cationic flocculant, the compositions have exceptional and unexpected free swell and cohesiveness when in contact with high conductivity water or multivalent ion-containing-contaminated water. The articles of manufacture described herein all include a combination of (i) a partially cross-linked acrylamide/acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer; (ii) a smectite clay; (iii) an elastomer, e.g., butyl rubber; (iv) polyisobutene or polyisopropene; and (v) a cationic flocculent, and are used for waterproofing against high conductivity salt-containing water preferably when used in putty-like or paste-like consistency to fill areas between and around structures, e.g., to surround a pipe inserted in a concrete wall, or to seal between two concrete sections.
1. A composition capable of swelling in salt water comprising:
a) about 30 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of a water-swellable smectite clay;
b) about 5 wt. % to about 25 wt. % of a partially cross-linked acrylamide/partially neutralized acrylic acid copolymer;
c) about 3 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of at least one elastomeric resin; and
d) about 5 wt. % to about 35 wt. % of a cationic polymeric quaternary flocculant.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the partially cross-linked acrylamide/partially neutralized acrylic acid copolymer contains about 5 mole % to about 95 mole % acrylamide, and further including a primary polyolefin plasticizer selected from the group consisting of polypropene, polybutene, polyisopropene, polydiene, polyisobutene, mixtures, and copolymers thereof.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the partially cross-linked acrylamide/partially neutralized acrylic acid copolymer contains about 15 mole % to about 80 mole % acrylamide.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the partially cross-linked acrylamide/partially neutralized acrylic acid copolymer contains about 55 mole % to about 75 mole % acrylamide.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the partially cross-linked acrylamide/partially neutralized acrylic acid copolymer contains about 60 mole % to about 70 mole % acrylamide.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises a water-insoluble partially cross-linked acrylamide neutralized acrylic acid/acrylic acid copolymer.
7. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the primary plasticizing agent is a straight chain or branched polyolefin selected from the group consisting of (C 3 H 6 ) n , wherein n is about 7 to about 60; (C 4 H 8 ) m , wherein m is about 6 to about 45; (C 5 H 8 ) x , wherein x is about 100 to about 1100; and (C 4 H 6 ) y , wherein y is about 100 to about 1100 and combinations thereof.
8. The composition of claim 2 wherein a secondary plasticizing agent is included in the composition in an amount of about 4 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, said secondary plasticizing agent being selected from epoxidized soybean oil; blown castor oil; dioctyl adipate; butyl cellosolve oleate; long chain (C 6 -C 30 ) partial ether esters; long chain (C 6 -C 30 ) alkyl diesters; and petroleum-derived plasticizers.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the partially cross-linked acrylamide/partially neutralized acrylic acid copolymer is identified by the CAS #31212-13-2.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the clay has a particle size such that at least 60% of the particles pass through a #200 mesh sieve (ASTM D 422).
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein at least 70% of the particles pass through a #200 mesh sieve.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the partially cross-linked acrylamide/partially neutralized acrylic acid copolymer has a particle size such that at least 90% of the particles have a size in the range of about 1 micron to about 4000 microns.
13. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the partially cross-linked acrylamide/partially neutralized acrylic acid copolymer has a particle size is in the range of about 1 micron to about 200 microns.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt water contains ions selected from the group consisting of Na + , Mg ++ , Ca ++ , Al ++ and combinations thereof.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the elastomer comprises butyl rubber.
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein the elastomeric resin comprises a blend of a pre-crosslinked and non-crosslinked elastomers.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the smectite clay comprises calcium bentonite clay.
18. A method of water proofing a surface from contact with a water source having a conductivity of at least 15 mS/cm comprising disposing the composition of claim 1 , such that the composition contacts the water source.
19. A sealed concrete structure comprising two adjacent concrete sections containing the composition of claim 1 disposed in contact with both concrete sections to seal against passage of salt water therebetween.
20. A salt water barrier article comprising the composition of claim 1 adhered to a woven or non-woven geotextile fabric.
21. The article of claim 20 , further including an outer layer of a polymeric film or sheet material in contact with the composition on a side opposite the geotextile fabric.
22. The article of claim 21 , wherein the outer layer is a release sheet that is peeled from the article prior to disposing the article in position to seal an area against water passage therethrough.
23. The article of claim 19 , wherein the composition includes a water-soluble outer layer.
24. The composition of claim 1 , further including about 0.5 wt % to about 25 wt. % of at least one primary plasticizing agent for the elastomeric resin.
25. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric quaternary flocculant is selected from the group consisting of polyquaternium-1 (CAS#: 68518-54-7); polyquaternium-2 (CAS#: 63451-27-1); polyquaternium-4 (copolymer of hydroxyethylcellulose and diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride); polyquaternium-5 (CAS#: 26006-22-4); polyquaternium-6 (polyallyldimethylammonium chloride; polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride; polyquaternium-7 (CAS#: 26590-05-6); polyquaternium-8 (poly((methyl, stearyl) dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), polyquaternium-9 (polydimethylaminoethylmethacrylate bromide); polyquaternium-10 (CAS#s: 53568-66-4, 55353-19-0, 54351-50-7, 81859-24-7; 68610-92-4, 81859-24-7); polyquaternium-11 (polyvinyl-N-ethyl-methylpyrrolidonium); poly(ethyldimethylammoniumethylmethacrylate) sulfate copolymer), polyquaternium-12 (CAS#: 68877-50-9); polyquaternium-13 (CAS#: 68877-47-4); polyquaternium-14 (CAS#: 27103-90-8); polyquaternium-15 (CAS#: 35429-19-7); polyquaternium-16 (quaternary ammonium salt of methyl-vinylimidazolium chloride and vinylpyrrolidone) (CAS#: 95144-24-4); polyquaternium-17 (adipic acid-dimethylaminopropylamine polymer (CAS#: 90624-75-2); polyquaternium-18 (azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine, dicholorethylether polymer, CAS#: 113784-58-0); polyquaternium-19 (polyvinyl alcohol, 2,3-epoxypropylamine polymer (CAS#: 110736-85-1); polyquaternium-20 (polyvinyl octadecylether, 2,3-epoxypropylamine polymer (CAS#: 110736-86-2); polyquaternium-22 (CAS#: 53694-17-0); polyquaternium-24 (hydroxyethylcellulose, lauryl dimethylammonium epoxide polymer); polyquaternium-27 (copolymer of polyquaternium-2 and polyquaternium-17, CAS#: 131954-48-4); polyquaternium-28 (vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer, CAS#: 131954-48-8), polyquaternium-29 (chitosan, CAS#: 9012-76-4); propylene oxide polymer reacted with epichlorohydrin); polyquaternium-30 (methylmethacrylate, methyl(dimethylacetylammoniumethyl)acrylate copolymer, (CAS#: 147398-77-4); polyquaternium-33 (CAS#: 69418-26-4); poly(ethylene(dialkyl)ammonium)polymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride (CAS#: 68039-13-4); and poly(2-acryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium).
26. The composition of claim 25 , wherein the polymeric quaternary flocculant comprises polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride.
27. The method of claim 18 , wherein the composition further includes about 0.5 wt % to about 25 wt. % of at least one primary plasticizing agent for the elastomeric resin.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the polymeric quaternary flocculant is selected from the group consisting of polyquaternium-1 (CAS#: 68518-54-7); polyquaternium-2 (CAS#: 63451-27-1); polyquaternium-4 (copolymer of hydroxyethylcellulose and diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride); polyquaternium-5 (CAS#: 26006-22-4); polyquaternium-6 (polyallyldimethylammonium chloride; polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride; polyquaternium-7 (CAS#: 26590-05-6); polyquaternium-8 (poly((methyl, stearyl) dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), polyquaternium-9 (polydimethylaminoethylmethacrylate bromide); polyquaternium-10 (CAS#s: 53568-66-4, 55353-19-0, 54351-50-7, 81859-24-7; 68610-92-4, 81859-24-7); polyquaternium-11 (polyvinyl-N-ethyl-methylpyrrolidonium); poly(ethyldimethylammoniumethylmethacrylate) sulfate copolymer), polyquaternium-12 (CAS#: 68877-50-9); polyquaternium-13 (CAS#: 68877-47-4); polyquaternium-14 (CAS#: 27103-90-8); polyquaternium-15 (CAS#: 35429-19-7); polyquaternium-16 (quaternary ammonium salt of methyl-vinylimidazolium chloride and vinylpyrrolidone) (CAS#: 95144-24-4); polyquaternium-17 (adipic acid-dimethylaminopropylamine polymer (CAS#: 90624-75-2); polyquaternium-18 (azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine, dicholorethylether polymer, CAS#: 113784-58-0); polyquaternium-19 (polyvinyl alcohol, 2,3-epoxypropylamine polymer (CAS#: 110736-85-1); polyquaternium-20 (polyvinyl octadecylether, 2,3-epoxypropylamine polymer (CAS#: 110736-86-2); polyquaternium-22 (CAS#: 53694-17-0); polyquaternium-24 (hydroxyethylcellulose, lauryl dimethylammonium epoxide polymer); polyquaternium-27 (copolymer of polyquaternium-2 and polyquaternium-17, CAS#: 131954-48-4); polyquaternium-28 (vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer, CAS#: 131954-48-8), polyquaternium-29 (chitosan, CAS#: 9012-76-4); propylene oxide polymer reacted with epichlorohydrin); polyquaternium-30 (methylmethacrylate, methyl(dimethylacetylammoniumethyl)acrylate copolymer, (CAS#: 147398-77-4); polyquaternium-33 (CAS#: 69418-26-4); poly(ethylene(dialkyl)ammonium)polymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride (CAS#: 68039-13-4); and poly(2-acryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium).
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the polymeric quaternary flocculant comprises polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride.
30. The sealed concrete structure of claim 19 , wherein the composition further includes about 0.5 wt % to about 25 wt. % of at least one primary plasticizing agent for the elastomeric resin.
31. The sealed concrete structure of claim 30 , wherein the polymeric quaternary flocculant is selected from the group consisting of polyquaternium-1 (CAS#: 68518-54-7); polyquaternium-2 (CAS#: 63451-27-1); polyquaternium-4 (copolymer of hydroxyethylcellulose and diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride); polyquaternium-5 (CAS#: 26006-22-4); polyquaternium-6 (polyallyldimethylammonium chloride; polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride; polyquaternium-7 (CAS#: 26590-05-6); polyquaternium-8 (poly((methyl, stearyl) dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), polyquaternium-9 (polydimethylaminoethylmethacrylate bromide); polyquaternium-10 (CAS#s: 53568-66-4, 55353-19-0, 54351-50-7, 81859-24-7; 68610-92-4, 81859-24-7); polyquaternium-11 (polyvinyl-N-ethyl-methylpyrrolidonium); poly(ethyldimethylammoniumethylmethacrylate) sulfate copolymer), polyquaternium-12 (CAS#: 68877-50-9); polyquaternium-13 (CAS#: 68877-47-4); polyquaternium-14 (CAS#: 27103-90-8); polyquaternium-15 (CAS#: 35429-19-7); polyquaternium-16 (quaternary ammonium salt of methyl-vinylimidazolium chloride and vinylpyrrolidone) (CAS#: 95144-24-4); polyquaternium-17 (adipic acid-dimethylaminopropylamine polymer (CAS#: 90624-75-2); polyquaternium-18 (azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine, dicholorethylether polymer, CAS#: 113784-58-0); polyquaternium-19 (polyvinyl alcohol, 2,3-epoxypropylamine polymer (CAS#: 110736-85-1); polyquaternium-20 (polyvinyl octadecylether, 2,3-epoxypropylamine polymer (CAS#: 110736-86-2); polyquaternium-22 (CAS#: 53694-17-0); polyquaternium-24 (hydroxyethylcellulose, lauryl dimethylammonium epoxide polymer); polyquaternium-27 (copolymer of polyquaternium-2 and polyquaternium-17, CAS#: 131954-48-4); polyquaternium-28 (vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer, CAS#: 131954-48-8), polyquaternium-29 (chitosan, CAS#: 9012-76-4); propylene oxide polymer reacted with epichlorohydrin); polyquaternium-30 (methylmethacrylate, methyl(dimethylacetylammoniumethyl)acrylate copolymer, (CAS#: 147398-77-4); polyquaternium-33 (CAS#: 69418-26-4); poly(ethylene(dialkyl)ammonium)polymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride (CAS#: 68039-13-4); and poly(2-acryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium).
32. The sealed concrete structure of claim 31 , wherein the polymeric quaternary flocculant comprises polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride.