Electrodes with Multilayer Membranes and Methods of Using and Making the Electrodes
A sensor including a sensing layer is disposed over an electrode or an optode and a layer-by-layer assembled mass transport limiting membrane disposed over the sensing layer. The membrane includes at least one layer of a polyanionic or polycationic material. The assembled layers of the membrane are typically disposed in an alternating manner. The sensor also optionally includes a biocompatible membrane.
1 - 20 . (canceled)
21 . A membrane structure, comprising:
a sensing layer composition comprising an analyte responsive enzyme and a redox polymer; and
a flux limiting membrane composition comprising a polymer comprising pyridines,
wherein the flux limiting membrane is disposed on and bound to the sensing layer.
22 . The membrane structure of claim 21 , wherein the membrane structure is disposed on a wire.
23 . The membrane structure of claim 21 , wherein the membrane structure is disposed on a substrate.
24 . The membrane structure of claim 21 , wherein the analyte responsive enzyme is a glucose responsive enzyme.
25 . The membrane structure of claim 21 , wherein the redox polymer comprises an osmium mediator complex.
26 . The membrane structure of claim 21 , wherein the redox polymer comprises a non-leachable redox compound.
27 . The membrane structure of claim 21 , further comprising a biocompatible layer disposed over the flux limiting membrane.
28 . The membrane structure of claim 21 , wherein the flux limiting membrane is configured and arranged to reduce flux of at least one interferent to the sensing layer.
29 . The membrane structure of claim 21 , wherein the flux limiting membrane is sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactate thereacross.
30 . The membrane structure of claim 21 , wherein the membrane structure has an active area of 0.1 cm or less.
31 . The membrane structure of claim 30 , wherein the active area is in a range of 10 −2 cm 2 to 10 −8 cm 2 .
32 . The membrane structure of claim 30 , wherein the active area is in a range of 10 −3 cm 2 to 10 −6 cm 2 .
33 . A sensor, comprising:
an electrode;
a sensing layer composition comprising an analyte responsive enzyme and a redox polymer substrate disposed on the electrode; and
a flux limiting membrane composition comprising a polymer comprising pyridines,
wherein the flux limiting membrane is disposed on and bound to the sensing layer.
34 . The sensor of claim 33 , wherein the electrode is a wire.
35 . The sensor of claim 33 , wherein the electrode is disposed on a substrate.
36 . The sensor of claim 33 , wherein the analyte responsive enzyme is a glucose responsive enzyme.
37 . The sensor of claim 33 , wherein the redox polymer comprises an osmium mediator complex.
38 . The sensor of claim 33 , wherein the redox polymer comprises a non-leachable redox compound.
39 . The sensor of claim 33 , further comprising a biocompatible layer disposed over the flux limiting membrane.
40 . The sensor of claim 33 , wherein the flux limiting membrane is configured and arranged to reduce flux of at least one interferent to the sensing layer.
41 . The sensor of claim 33 , wherein the flux limiting membrane is sufficient to limit a flux of glucose or lactate thereacross.
42 . The sensor of claim 33 , wherein the sensor has an active area of 0.1 cm 2 or less.
43 . The sensor of claim 42 , wherein the active area is in a range of 10 −2 cm 2 to 10 −8 cm 2 .
44 . The sensor of claim 42 , wherein the active area is in a range of 10 −3 cm 2 to 10 −6 cm 2 .
45 . The sensor of claim 33 , wherein the sensor is adapted for implantation of at least a portion of the sensor in an animal.