Superconductor analog-to-digital converter

1. A superconducting circuit, comprising:

a sequence of stages, wherein said stages comprise resonators, wherein each one of said resonators uniquely pertains to one of said stages, wherein said stages number N, with N being at least 2, wherein said stages and said resonators are being characterized by an order in said sequence, said order having values from 1 through N, and wherein a stage having N as said order is configured to receive an analog input signal; and

active superconducting components directionally coupling pairs of said resonators, wherein said orders of said resonators in said pairs are adjacent to one another, wherein each of said pairs is having a higher order resonator and a lower order resonator, wherein said active superconducting components electrically shield said higher order resonator from said lower order resonator.

2. The superconducting circuit of claim 1 , wherein said active superconducting components comprise a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifier, wherein said SQUID amplifier is inductively coupled to said higher order resonator.

3. The superconducting circuit of claim 2 , wherein said active superconducting components further comprise a Josephson transmission line (JTL), wherein said JTL is configured to electrically connect said SQUID amplifier to said lower order resonator.

4. The superconducting circuit of claim 3 , wherein said resonators comprise inductors, and at least one of said inductors comprise a string of Josephson junctions.

5. The superconducting circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:

feedback loops associated with said stages; and

a comparator receiving an input from a stage having 1 as said order, wherein said comparator is generating single flux quantum (SFQ) pulses, and wherein said SFQ pulses are directed to at least 1 of said feedback loops and to an output for said superconducting circuit.

6. The superconducting circuit of claim 5 , wherein said stage having 1 as said order is associated with an implicit feedback loop.

7. The superconducting circuit of claim 1 , wherein said superconducting circuit is characterized as being an N th -order bandpass sigma-delta modulator.

8. A system for digitally receiving radio frequencies, comprising:

a superconducting circuit characterized as being an N th -order bandpass sigma-delta modulator, wherein said superconducting circuit further comprises:

a sequence of stages, wherein said stages comprise resonators, wherein each one of said resonators uniquely pertains to one of said stages, wherein said stages number N, with N being at least 2, wherein said stages and said resonators are being characterized by an order in said sequence, said order having values from 1 through N, and wherein a stage having N as said order is configured to receive an analog input signal; and

active superconducting components directionally coupling pairs of said resonators, wherein said orders of said resonators in said pairs are adjacent to one another, wherein each of said pairs is having a higher order resonator and a lower order resonator, wherein said active superconducting components electrically shield said higher order resonator from said lower order resonator.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein said active superconducting components comprise a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifier, wherein said SQUID amplifier is inductively coupled to said higher order resonator.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein said active superconducting components further comprise a Josephson transmission line (JTL), wherein said JTL is configured to electrically connect said SQUID amplifier to said lower order resonator.

11. The system of claim 8 , wherein said superconducting circuit further comprises a comparator receiving an input from a stage having 1 as said order, wherein said comparator is generating single flux quantum (SFQ) pulses, wherein said SFQ pulses are directed to at least 1 of said feedback loops and to an output for said superconducting circuit.

12. The system of claim 8 , wherein said system further comprises an antenna configured to receive said radio frequencies and to yield an analog output signal.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein said analog output signal is entered directly into said superconducting circuit as said analog input signal.

14. A 2-d order superconducting bandpass sigma-delta modulator, comprising:

a first resonator and a second resonator, wherein an analog signal to be digitized is being received by said second resonator;

a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifier and a Josephson transmission line (JTL), wherein said SQUID amplifier is inductively coupled to said second resonator, and wherein said JTL electrically connects said SQUID amplifier to said first resonator;

a first feedback loop associated with said first resonator and a second feedback loop associated with said second resonator, wherein said first feedback loop is an implicit feedback loop; and

a comparator receiving an input from said first resonator, wherein said comparator is generating single flux quantum (SFQ) pulses, wherein said SFQ pulses are directed to said second feedback loop and to an output for said modulator.

15. A method for converting an electromagnetic analog signal into a digital signal, said method comprising:

implementing a superconducting circuit characterized as being an N th -order bandpass sigma-delta modulator, and in said superconducting circuit:

applying a sequence of resonators, wherein said resonators number N, characterizing said resonators by an order in said sequence, said order having values from 1 through N, with N being at least 2, receiving said analog signal in a resonator having N as said order;

providing directional coupling with active superconducting components between pairs of said resonators, selecting said orders of said resonators in said pairs to be adjacent to one another, wherein each of said pairs is having a higher order resonator and a lower order resonator, choosing said directional coupling in a manner to shield said higher order resonator from said lower order resonator.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said providing of said directional coupling comprises inductively coupling a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifier to said higher order resonator.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said providing of said directional coupling further comprises connecting said SQUID amplifier to said lower order resonator through a Josephson transmission line (JTL).

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein said method further comprises associating said resonators with feedback loops, and having a comparator generating single flux quantum (SFQ) pulses for at least 1 of said feedback loops and for an output of said superconducting circuit, while a resonator having 1 as said order is supplying signals for said comparator.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said method further comprises associating an implicit feedback loop with said resonator having 1 as said order.

20. The method of claim 15 , wherein said method further comprises providing inductors for said resonators and to include a string of Josephson junctions in at least one of said inductors.