Treatment of pervasive developmental disorders with redox-active therapeutics

1. A method of reducing the symptoms associated with, or for treating or suppressing a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) selected from autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), by administering a therapeutically effective amount or physiologically effective amount of a medical food, functional food, food supplement or dietary supplement comprising compositions of one or more compounds of Formula I:

wherein,

the bonds indicated with a dashed line are all single bonds or are all double bonds;

R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently selected from H, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, halogen and CN;

or a salt, a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof;

and at least one of the group consisting of a physiologically or nutritionally acceptable carrier, adjuvant, excipient, buffer and diluent, to a patient in need thereof.

2. A method of reducing the symptoms associated with, or for treating or suppressing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by administering a therapeutically effective amount or physiologically effective amount of a medical food, functional food, food supplement or dietary supplement comprising compositions of one or more compounds of Formula I:

wherein,

the bonds indicated with a dashed line are all single bonds or are all double bonds;

R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently selected from H, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, halogen and CN;

or a salt, a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof;

and at least one of the group consisting of a physiologically or nutritionally acceptable carrier, adjuvant, excipient, buffer and diluent, to a patient in need thereof.

3. A method of reducing the symptoms associated with, or of treating or suppressing pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a patient in need of such treatment by administering a therapeutically or physiologically effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula I:

wherein, the bonds indicated with a dashed line are all single bonds or are all double bonds; R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently selected from H, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, halogen and CN; or a salt, a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

4. The method according to claim 3 , comprising administering a therapeutically or physiologically effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula Ia:

or a salt, a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, for reducing the symptoms associated with, or for treating or suppressing pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a patient in need of such treatment.

5. The method according to claim 4 for reducing the symptoms associated with, or for treating or suppressing pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a patient in need of such treatment, wherein the administered compound is selected from 2-(3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10,14-trienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib); Ib-R; Ib-S; 2-(3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ic); Ic-RRR; Ic-SRR; Ic-RSR; Ic-RRS; Ic-SSR; Ic-SRS; Ic-RSS; Ic-SSS; or a salt, a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the disorder is a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), wherein the Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) is autistic spectrum disorder (ASD).

7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the disorder is a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), wherein the Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) is autistic spectrum disorder (ASD).

8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the disorder is a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), wherein the Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) is autistic spectrum disorder (ASD).

9. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the disorder is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

10. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the disorder is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

11. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the disorder is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

12. The method of claim 3 , for reducing the symptoms associated with, or of treating or suppressing a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), wherein the administered compound is 2-(3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10,14-trienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib), or a salt, a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the administered compound is 2-((3R,6E,10E)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10-dienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib-R), or a salt thereof.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the administered compound is 2-((3S,6E,10E)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10-dienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib-S), or a salt thereof.

15. The method of claim 8 , wherein the administered compound is 2-(3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10,14-trienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib), or a salt, a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the administered compound is 2-((3R,6E,10E)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10-dienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib-R), or a salt thereof.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the administered compound is 2-((3S,6E,10E)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10-dienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib-S), or a salt thereof.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the administered compound is 2-(3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10,14-trienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib), or a salt, a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the administered compound is 2-((3R,6E,10E)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10-dienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib-R), or a salt thereof.

20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the administered compound is 2-((3S,6E,10E)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10-dienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib-S), or a salt thereof.

21. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the disorder is a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), wherein the Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) is Rett's disorder.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the administered compound is 2-(3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10,14-trienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib), or a salt, a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the administered compound is 2-((3R,6E,10E)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10-dienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib-R), or a salt thereof.

24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the administered compound is 2-((3S,6E,10E)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-6,10-dienyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (Ib-S), or a salt thereof.