Animal Feed Kibble with Protein-Based Core and Related Methods
Kibble-type animal feeds and pet foods including a vegetable protein-based core matrix and a coating of a fat and at least one additive are described. The coating may include a probiotic enriched coating. Methods of forming the kibble-type animal feeds and pet foods are also described. Probiotic coating for a kibble showing acceptable stability and bioactivity are disclosed and methods for assessing the bioactivity of a probiotic in a food composition are also described.
1 . A method for assessing bioactivity of a probiotic in a food composition comprising:
providing a first food composition comprising a probiotic delivery composition and a surrogate marker for probiotic release, wherein the surrogate marker is contained in or surrounded by the probiotic delivery composition;
feeding the first food composition to a test subject;
analyzing a test sample comprising at least one of blood, urine, and feces of the test subject for the presence of the surrogate marker; and
assessing an efficacy of the probiotic delivery composition for delivering one or more probiotic microorganism or material.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the amount of surrogate marker released from the probiotic delivery composition.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein assessing the efficacy of the probiotic delivery composition is done four days after beginning feeding the first food composition to the test subject.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein assessing the efficacy of the probiotic delivery composition is done two days after beginning feeding the first food composition to the test subject.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the probiotic delivery composition is a coating on at least a portion of a surface of the food composition.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the surrogate marker is contained in the coating.
7 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the coating is a coating surrounding the surrogate marker.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the surrogate marker for probiotic release is a carotenoid or plant sterol selected from the group consisting of carotenoids, xanthones, beta-carotene, organosulfur, curcumin, kaempherol, astaxanthin, gamma-glutamylcysteines, catechins, pterostilbene, canthaxanthin, cysteine sulfoxides, ellagic acid, quercetin, tunaxanthin, isothiocyanates, baicalin, tocopherols, myricetin, zeaxanthin, flavonoids, resveratrol, anthocyanins, bixin, isoflavonoids, vinpocetine, flavonols, lutein, coenzyme-Q10, proanthocyanidins, lycopene, lipoic acid, phenols, alkaloids, polyphenols, genistein, and diadzein.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein analyzing a test sample comprising at least one of blood, urine, and feces of the test subject comprises analyzing the blood of the test subject for the presence of the surrogate marker.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first food composition additionally comprises at least one probiotic, wherein the at least one probiotic is contained in or surrounded by the probiotic delivery composition.
12 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising feeding the test subject a second food composition comprising the probiotic delivery composition and at least one probiotic, wherein the at least one probiotic is contained in or surrounded by the probiotic delivery composition.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein feeding the test subject the second food composition is performed after assessing the efficacy of the probiotic delivery composition for delivering one or more probiotic microorganism or material.
14 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising analyzing the blood of the test subject for blood cytokines and analyzing the feces of the test subject for fecal bacteria populations.
15 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising one or more of:
analyzing the feces of the test subject for a stool consistency;
analyzing the feces of the test subject for fecal lactate;
analyzing the feces of the test subject for fecal short-chain fatty acids; and
analyzing the blood of the test subject for blood immunoglobulins.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the food composition is a companion animal food composition.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the companion animal food composition comprises a kibble type animal feed having a probiotic enriched coating.