Cast magnesium alloy wheels
View Patent ↗A method of imparting superior fatigue performance to a vehicle wheel cast from a magnesium alloy by selective application of friction stir processing to regions of the casting known to be subject to high in-service stresses is described. The method may be particularly applicable to open wheel designs in which a plurality of spokes is used to connect the hub and rim portions of the wheel.
1. A method for fabricating a cast magnesium alloy wheel having thickness and enhanced fatigue resistance and intended for use on an automotive vehicle, the wheel having a designed structure comprising a hub connected to a rim by a plurality of spaced radial spokes, where magnesium alloy castings of the designed wheel structure comprise inherently fatigue-prone regions, the fatigue-prone regions having a thickness, the method consisting essentially of:
casting a wheel of a selected magnesium alloy using a selected casting process;
thermoplastically working the inherently fatigue-prone regions of the as cast wheel by friction stir processing in the solid state to refine the grain size and enhance the fatigue performance of the wheel, the thermoplastic working extending substantially through the thickness of the wheel at the fatigue-prone regions; and then
machining the wheel to remove any surface roughening due to friction stir processing and to render a desired surface finish and topography.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the wheel spokes have connection portions with the hub, the connection portions being fatigue-prone regions.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the fatigue-prone regions of the wheel are identified through mathematical modeling or through experimental investigation.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the friction stir processing comprises traversing a rotating friction stir tool along an at least one of a plurality of paths, wherein each of the plurality of paths traverses an at least one fatigue-prone region.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the selected magnesium alloy is AZ91 or AMF50.
6. A method for fabricating a cast magnesium alloy wheel having thickness and processed for enhanced fatigue performance and intended for use on a vehicle, the fabricated wheel having a design where magnesium alloy castings display fatigue-prone regions, each fatigue-prone region having a thickness, the method comprising:
casting a wheel with dispensable features of a selected magnesium alloy using a selected casting process;
friction stir processing each of the inherently fatigue-prone regions of the as cast wheel to thermoplastically work the regions by traversing a rotating friction stir tool along at least one of a plurality of paths, wherein each of the plurality of paths traverses at least one fatigue-prone region and originates and terminates in dispensable features of the wheel, the thermoplastically worked region having a depth which is substantially equal to the thickness of the wheel at the inherently fatigue-prone regions; and
machining the wheel to remove the dispensable features, remove any surface roughening due to friction stir processing and to render a desired surface finish and topography.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the selected casting process is a die casting process.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein the inherently fatigue-prone regions of the wheel are identified through mathematical modeling or through experimental investigation.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein the selected magnesium alloy is AZ91 or AMF50.
10. The method for fabricating a cast magnesium alloy wheel recited in claim 1 in which the wheel has opposing front and reverse surfaces and the friction stir processing is performed on both the front and reverse wheel surfaces.
11. The method for fabricating a cast magnesium alloy wheel recited in claim 6 in which the wheel has opposing front and reverse surfaces and the friction stir processing is performed on both the front and reverse wheel surfaces.