Body-worn monitor for measuring respiration rate
The invention provides a multi-sensor system that uses an algorithm based on adaptive filtering to monitor a patient's respiratory rate. The system features a first sensor which is selected from the group consisting of an impedance pneumography sensor, an ECG sensor, a PPG sensor, * and a motion sensor (e.g., an accelerometer) configured to attach to the patient's torso and measure therefrom a motion signal. The system further comprises (iii) a processing system, configured to operably connect to the first and motion sensors, and to determine a respiration rate value by applying filter parameters obtained from the first sensor signals to the motion sensor signals.
1. A method for determining a respiration rate value from a patient, comprising the following steps:
(a) measuring a first time-dependent signal by detecting a modulated electrical current passing through the patient's chest;
(b) measuring a second time-dependent signal by detecting respiration-induced movements in the patient's chest with a first motion sensor, wherein the first motion sensor is a three axis motion sensor mounted on the patient's chest and aligned on the patient to provide a measurement axis projecting into the patient's chest, and wherein a first motion signal obtained from the first motion sensor comprises signal components corresponding to the respiration-induced movements, a posture of the patient, and a degree of motion of the patient;
(c) measuring a third time-dependent signal by detecting motion-related movements not related to the patient's respiration rate value by processing signals from a second motion sensor, wherein the second motion sensor is a three axis motion sensor mounted on the patient's arm, and wherein a second motion signal obtained from the second motion sensor comprises signal components corresponding to the degree of motion of the patient;
(d) processing the second time-dependent signal and the third time-dependent signal to determine a motion-related event for the patient; and
(e) collectively processing both the first and second time-dependent signals to determine a value for respiration rate corresponding to a period when the motion-related event is below a pre-determined threshold, wherein the collective processing comprises determining an initial respiration rate value from the first time-dependent signal, and then adaptively filtering the second time-dependent signal with a mathematical filter determined from the initial respiration rate value; and
(f) determining a final respiration rate from the filtered second time-dependent signal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the motion-related event is determined from the posture of the patient, and step (d) further comprises determining a parameter corresponding to orientation of the patient's chest.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the parameter corresponding to orientation of the patient's chest is a vector.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein step (d) further comprises processing signals corresponding to three axes of the first motion sensor to determine the vector.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein step (d) further comprises comparing the vector to a pre-determined coordinate system to determine an angle.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein step (d) further comprises comparing the angle to a set of pre-determined values, each corresponding to a different posture, to determine the patient's posture.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second motion sensor is an accelerometer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the motion-related event is determined from determining if the patient is moving, walking, falling, or convulsing.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the motion-related event is determined from the degree of motion of the patient, and step (d) further comprises determining an amplitude of a portion of the signals from the second motion sensor to determine the degree of motion.