SYSTEM FOR CAPTURING AND MODIFYING LARGE PIECES OF GENOMIC DNA AND CONSTRUCTING VASCULAR PLANTS WITH SYNTHETIC CHLOROPLAST GENOMES
Vectors capable of stable replication in yeast and bacteria and comprising all essential genes of vascular plant plastids are provided as well as the use of such vectors to construct an recombinant plastid genome and host cells transformed with said vectors and recombinant plastid genomes.
1 . A vector comprising all essential genes of a plastid genome from a vascular plant, wherein said vector further comprises at least one yeast selection marker sequence, a yeast centromere sequence, a yeast autonomously replicating nucleotide sequence, a bacterial origin of replication and at least one bacterial selection marker, wherein said vector provides for stable replication of said plastid genome in a yeast and a bacterial cell.
2 . The vector of claim 1 , wherein said plastid genome is at least 135 kb in size.
3 . The vector of claim 1 , wherein said plastid genome is at least 150 kb in size.
4 . The vector of claim 1 , wherein said plastid is a chloroplast.
5 . The vector of claim 1 wherein said genome comprises at least about 90% of a chloroplast genome.
6 . The vector of claim 1 , wherein said yeast selection marker is at least one of the group consisting of HIS3, TRP1, URA3, ADE2 and LEU2.
7 . The vector of claim 1 , wherein said bacterial selection marker is at least one of the group consisting of tetracycline resistance, ampicillin resistance, chloramphenicol resistance, kanamycin resistance and neomycin resistance.
8 . The vector of claim 1 , wherein said bacterial origin of replication is a P1 or F′ origin of replication.
9 . The vector of claim 1 , wherein said plastid genome is from a vascular plant selected from the group consisting of soybeans, tomatoes, potatoes, wheat, rice, corn, barley, oats, rye, cotton, Arabidopsis , tobacco, and legumes
10 . The vector of claim 1 , wherein said plastid genome is a chloroplast genome.
11 . The vector of 10 , wherein said chloroplast genome is from a soybean.
12 . The vector of claim 1 , wherein said vector comprises at least one pair of yeast selection markers.
13 . The vector of claim 12 , wherein said at least one pair of yeast selection markers allow for positive and negative selection.
14 . The vector of claim 13 , wherein each yeast selection marker pair comprises a URA3 gene.
15 . The vector of claim 14 , wherein said yeast selection marker pair further comprises a yeast selection marker selected from the group consisting of a LEU2 gene, a HIS3 gene, an ADE2 gene, a LYS2 gene and a kanMS6 gene.
16 . The vector of claim 12 , wherein each of said at least one pair of yeast selection markers further comprise at least one bacterial selection marker.
17 . The vector of claim 17 , wherein said bacterial selection marker is selected from at least one member of the group consisting of an ampicillin resistance gene, a tetracycline resistance gene, a chloramphenicol resistance gene and a gentamycin resistance gene.
18 . A method for making a recombinant plastid genome comprising, constructing a vector of claim 1 , introducing said vector into yeast, inserting, deleting or both inserting and deleting at least one nucleotide sequence into or from said vector by homologous recombination to produce a modified vector containing said recombinant plastid genome, isolating said modified vector from said yeast, introducing said isolated modified vector into bacteria, and amplifying said modified vector in said bacteria.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein said plastid genome is a chloroplast genome.
20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising introducing said modified genome into a chloroplast of a vascular plant.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein said chloroplast is incapable of photosynthesis or made incapable of photosynthesis prior to introduction of said modified genome.
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein said chloroplast is capable of photosynthesis after introduction of said modified genome.
23 . The method of claim 18 , wherein said at least one nucleotide sequence codes at least one exogenous protein.
24 . A host cell comprising a vector of claim 1 .
25 . The host cell of claim 1 , wherein said host cell is a bacterial cell or a yeast cell.
26 . The host cell of claim 1 , wherein said host cell is a cell of a vascular plant.
27 . A modified plastid genome produced by the method of claim 18 .
28 . The plant comprising the modified plastid genome of claim 27 .