Benzimidazole compounds differentiate a mammalian stem cell into mesodermal or cardiomyocyte cells
Methods and small molecule compounds for stem cell differentiation are provided. One example of a class of compounds that may be used is represented by the compound having the structure IA or IB in the form of free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or N-oxide thereof: R 1 is independently hydrogen or (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl; R 2 is independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R 2′ is independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, CF 3 or C 2 F 5 ; R 3 is independently (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, aryl, 2-tetrahydrofurylmethyl, an aliphatic tertiary amine, or 4-methoxybenzyl; or R 2 and R 3 may be joined together to form a 5 or 6 member ring lactone; R 4 is independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, a 2- or 4-R 5 -substituted aromatic ring selected from a 4-R 5 -phenyl or a 2-R 5 -5-pyridyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aliphatic tertiary amine or halogen; and R 5 , R 5′ , R 6 , R 6′ , R 7 , R 7′ , are each independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, aryl, optionally substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, a heterocyclic ring, an aliphatic tertiary amine, or halogen.
1. A method for producing mammalian mesodermal or cardiomyocyte cells from mammalian stem cells, comprising contacting within the same suitable medium Activin A and the stem cells with a compound of structure II in the form of a free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or N-oxide thereof:
wherein:
A is NH; and
B is an aromatic ring, wherein the aromatic ring is optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted benzyl, or has the structure of
or is an unsaturated 5 or 6 member ring, optionally substituted, containing a heteroatom wherein the heteroatom is N or O,
or A is absent and B is optionally substituted phenyl,
D is N or CH,
E is N, CH, C—R, or C—OH;
F is N or CH,
G is aryl, heteroaryl or cyclohexyl optionally substituted by 1 to 5 R 1 ;
I is N or C;
R is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl;
R 1 , when present, independently are (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )thioalkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, CF 3 , or C 2 F 5 ; and
R 2 independently are hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted benzyl, or (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of structure II has formula:
wherein
R is hydrogen, methyl, or amino;
R 1 , if present, independently are hydrogen, hydroxyl, pyridyl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or methylthio;
R 2 is hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, methoxy, methyl or halogen.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of structure II has structure IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, IIE, IIF, IIG, or IIM in the form of a free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or N-oxide thereof:
wherein:
R 1 is independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, pyridyl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methyl, or methylthio;
R 2 , is independently hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, methoxy, methyl, or halogen;
R 3 is independently hydrogen, phenyl, pyridyl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl;
R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, or cyclic amine;
R 6 is independently, hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, (C1-C6)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroalkyl;
R 7 is independently hydrogen, phenyl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, (C1-C6)alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, pyridyl, piperadinyl, piperazinyl, or imidazole;
each of Y and Z is independently CH or N; and
X is independently CH 2 , NH, O, S, S═O, SO 2 , CH(OH), or C═O.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of structure II has the formula:
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting is for a period of time between about 24 hours to 192 hours.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the contacting is between about 48 hours to 144 hours.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein cells produced from mammalian stem cells are cardiomyocytes.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells produced from mammalian stem cells are mesodermal cells.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the cells with a Wnt protein.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the Wnt protein is Wnt3a.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stem cells are embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells.