Spin transistor, integrated circuit, and magnetic memory
A spin transistor includes a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, a semiconductor layer between the first and second ferromagnetic layers, and a gate electrode on or above a surface of the semiconductor layer, the surface being between the first and second ferromagnetic layers. The first ferromagnetic layer comprises a ferromagnet which has a first minority spin band located at a high energy side and a second minority spin band located at a low energy side, and has a Fermi level in an area of the high energy side higher than a middle of a gap between the first and second minority spin bands.
1. A spin transistor comprising:
a first ferromagnetic layer;
a second ferromagnetic layer;
a semiconductor layer between the first and second ferromagnetic layers; and
a gate electrode on or above a surface of the semiconductor layer, the surface being between the first and second ferromagnetic layers,
wherein one of the first and second ferromagnetic layers has an invariable magnetization and the other has a variable magnetization,
wherein data are stored by a relation of magnetization directions of the first and second ferromagnetic layers,
wherein electrons flow from the first ferromagnetic layer to the second ferromagnetic layer in a read operation, and
wherein the first ferromagnetic layer comprises a ferromagnet which has a first minority spin band located at a high energy side and a second minority spin band located at a low energy side, and has a Fermi level in an area of the high energy side higher than a middle of a gap between the first and second minority spin bands.
2. The transistor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the first ferromagnetic layer has an invariable magnetization and the second ferromagnetic layer has a variable magnetization.
3. The transistor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the first ferromagnetic layer has a variable magnetization and the second ferromagnetic layer has an invariable magnetization.
4. The transistor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the ferromagnet includes one of Co 2 FeAl 1-x Si x (1>x>0.5), Co 2 Mn 1-x Fe x Si (1>x>0.5) and Co 2 Cr 1-x Fe x Al (1>x>0.4).
5. The transistor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the ferromagnet is a half metal.
6. The transistor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the ferromagnet includes X 2 YZ, X is at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Ir, Pt and Au, Y is at least one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Fe, and Z is at least one of Al, Ga, Si, Ge and Sn,
wherein Y has a composition ratio in which the number of electrons in the ferromagnet is larger than the number of electrons in the ferromagnet when the Fermi level is located at the middle of the gap.
7. The transistor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the ferromagnet includes X 2 YZ, X is at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Ir, Pt and Au, Y is at least one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Fe, and Z is at least one of Al, Ga, Si, Ge and Sn,
wherein Z has a composition ratio in which the number of electrons in the ferromagnet is larger than the number of electrons in the ferromagnet when the Fermi level is located at the middle of the gap.
8. The transistor according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a tunnel barrier layer which is provided at least one of between the first ferromagnetic layer and the semiconductor layer and between the second ferromagnetic layer and the semiconductor layer.
9. An integrated circuit comprising the transistor according to claim 1 .
10. A magnetic memory comprising a memory cell including the transistor according to claim 1 .
11. A spin transistor comprising:
a first ferromagnetic layer;
a second ferromagnetic layer;
a semiconductor layer between the first and second ferromagnetic layers; and
a gate electrode on or above a surface of the semiconductor layer, the surface being between the first and second ferromagnetic layers,
wherein one of the first and second ferromagnetic layers has an invariable magnetization and the other has a variable magnetization,
wherein data are stored by a relation of magnetization directions of the first and second ferromagnetic layers,
wherein electrons flow from the first ferromagnetic layer to the second ferromagnetic layer in a read operation, and
wherein the first ferromagnetic layer comprises a ferromagnet which has a first minority spin band located at a high energy side and a second minority spin band located at a low energy side, and has a Fermi level in an area of the high energy side higher than a middle of a gap between the first and second minority spin bands, and
the second ferromagnetic layer comprises a ferromagnet which has a third minority spin band located at a high energy side and a fourth minority spin band located at a low energy side, and has a Fermi level in an area of the low energy side lower than a middle of a gap between the third and fourth minority spin bands.