Heparin entities and methods of use

1. A medical substrate comprising:

a heparin entity bound onto a substrate via at least one heparin molecule, wherein said heparin entity comprises at least one heparin molecule and at least one core molecule, wherein said bound heparin entity is heparinase sensitive, and wherein said heparin molecule is bound to said substrate by one of: an end point attachment, a loop attachment, an end point aldehyde attachment, and an aldehyde attachment along the length of said heparin molecule.

2. The medical substrate of claim 1 , wherein said substrate is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polyurethane, silicone, polyamide-containing polymers, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene and biocompatible metals.

3. The medical substrate of claim 2 , wherein said substrate is expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene.

4. The medical substrate of claim 2 , wherein said biocompatible metal is Nitinol.

5. The medical substrate of claim 1 , wherein said substrate is a component of a medical device.

6. The medical substrate of claim 5 , wherein said medical device is selected from the group consisting of grafts, vascular grafts, stents, stent-grafts, bifurcated grafts, bifurcated stents, bifurcated stent-grafts, patches, plugs, drug delivery devices, catheters, cardiac leads, balloons and indwelling filters.

7. The medical substrate of claim 6 , wherein said stents can be used in cardiac, peripheral or neurological applications.

8. The medical substrate of claim 6 , wherein said stent-grafts can be used in cardiac, peripheral or neurological applications.

9. The medical substrate of claim 1 , wherein said core molecule is either cyclic, linear, branched, dendritic, Y, T, or star shaped.

10. The medical substrate of claim 1 , wherein said core molecule is selected from the group consisting of proteins, hydrocarbons, aminoglycosides, polysaccharides and polymers.

11. The medical substrate of claim 10 , wherein said protein is selected from the group consisting of albumin, colistin and polylysine.

12. The medical substrate of claim 10 , wherein said polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of cyclodextrin, cellulose, and chitosan.

13. The medical substrate of claim 10 , wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and co-polymers tetrafluoroethylene.

14. The medical substrate of claim 1 , wherein said heparin is derived from bovine or porcine sources.

15. The medical substrate of claim 1 , wherein after heparinase treatment heparin or fragments thereof will not be detected on said substrate.

16. The medical substrate of claim 1 , wherein after heparinase treatment heparin or fragments thereof will be detected at a significantly lower level than before heparinase treatment on said substrate.

17. The medical substrate of claim 15 , wherein heparin or fragments thereof are detected by a label that binds to heparin or fragments thereof.

18. The medical substrate of claim 17 , wherein said label that binds to heparin or fragments thereof is selected from the group consisting of dyes, polyclonal antibodies, and proteins.

19. The medical substrate of claim 18 , wherein said dye is toluidine blue.

20. The medical substrate of claim 1 , wherein after heparinase treatment an insignificant amount of toluidine blue will bind to residual heparin or fragments thereof but will not be visually detected on said substrate.

21. The medical substrate of claim 1 , wherein after heparinase treatment an insignificant amount of toluidine blue will bind to residual heparin or fragments thereof, and wherein detector readings will be about background levels or be insignificantly different from background when compared to a substrate without heparin entities.