Method for forming layered heating element for glow plug
View Patent ↗A monolithic, multi-layer heating element forms the high temperature tip of a glow plug assembly. The heating element includes a conductive core which is surrounded by an insulator layer, which in turn supports a resistive layer. An optional conductive jacket can surround the resistive layer. These layered components are pre-formed in prior operations and then assembled one into the other to form a precursor structure. The precursor structure is transferred to a die, where it is compressed to form a so-called green part having dimensional attributes proportional to the finished heating element. The individual layers remain substantially intact, with some boundary layer mixing possible to enhance material-to-material bonding. The green part is sintered to bond to various materials together into an essentially solid mass. Various finishing operations may be required, following which the heating element is assembled to form a glow plug.
1. A method for forming a glow plug, said method comprising the steps of:
pre-forming an electrically conductive core as a self-supporting body;
pre-forming an electrically non-conducting insulator layer having an exterior as another self-supporting body distinct from the pre-formed core;
pre-forming an electrically resistive layer as a further self-supporting body distinct from the preformed core and the pre-formed insulator layer;
assembling a precursor structure by substantially enveloping the pre-formed core within the pre-formed insulator layer and applying the pre-formed resistive layer to the exterior of the insulator layer;
compressing the precursor structure;
sintering the compressed precursor structure to form a monolithic heating element with the core bonded to the insulator layer and the insulator layer bonded to the resistive layer;
providing a shell;
inserting the sintered heating element into the shell; and
establishing an electrically conductive connection between the shell and the resistive layer of the heating element.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of pre-forming the core includes mixing an electrically conductive powder with an organic binder and a lubricant.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said step of pre-forming the core includes pressing the electrically conductive powder, organic binder and lubricant in a mold to form a self-supporting article.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of pre-forming the insulator layer includes mixing an electrically non-conductive powder with an organic binder and a lubricant.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said step of pre-forming the insulator layer includes pressing the electrically non-conductive powder, organic binder and lubricant in a mold to form a self-supporting article.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of pre-forming the resistive layer includes mixing an electrically resistive powder with an organic binder and a lubricant.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said step of pre-forming the resistive layer includes pressing the electrically resistive powder, organic binder and lubricant into a self-supporting article.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of compressing the precursor structure includes forcing the precursor structure through an extrusion die.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of compressing the precursor structure includes forcing the precursor structure into a closed-end die.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of compressing the precursor structure includes subjecting the precursor structure to iso-static pressure.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of compressing the precursor structure includes rotating the precursor structure between compression rollers.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said steps of pre-forming the core, insulator layer and resistive layer each include mixing a powder with a binder and a lubricant, further including the step of removing at least some of the lubricant from the compressed precursor structure.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said step of removing the lubricant occurs simultaneously with said sintering step.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein said step of removing the lubricant occurs prior to said sintering step.
15. The method of claim 12 further including the step of removing a portion of the binder from the compressed precursor structure prior to said sintering step.
16. The method of claim 1 further including the step of pre-forming an electrically conductive jacket, and said step of assembling a precursor structure including substantially enveloping the resistive layer within the jacket prior to said compressing step.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said step of pre-forming the jacket includes mixing an electrically conductive powder with an organic binder and a lubricant.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein said step of pre-forming the jacket includes pressing the electrically conductive powder, organic binder and lubricant in a mold to form a self-supporting article.
19. The method of claim 16 further including the step of removing a portion of the jacket after said sintering step to form a high temperature tip for the heating element.
20. The method of claim 1 further including the step of establishing an electrical connection between the core and the resistive layer.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein said step of establishing an electrical connection between the core and the resistive layer includes affixing an electrically conductive tip after said sintering step.
22. The method of claim 1 further including the step of forming at least one groove in the exterior of the insulating layer, and said step of assembling the precursor structure including inserting the resistive layer in the groove prior to said compressing step.
23. The method of claim 1 further including the steps of:
providing a shell;
inserting the sintered heating element into the shell; and
establishing an electrically conductive connection between the shell and the resistive layer.
24. The method of claim 1 further including the step of inserting a center wire into the shell, establishing an electrically conductive connection between the core and the center wire, and establishing an electrically insulating barrier between the center wire and the shell.