Fuel usable to control the emissions and/or opacity of gas released into the atmosphere
View Patent ↗A fossil-fuel-fired system, which includes an emissions-control-agent dispenser, a furnace, an emissions monitor and, optionally, a controller, is disclosed. The emissions-control-agent dispenser provides a prescribed amount of organic-emissions-control agent, such as, for example, an opacity-control agent to the fossil-fuel-fired system. The furnace includes an exhaust communicating with the atmosphere. The emissions monitor is capable of measuring at least one property of the flue-gas communicated through the exhaust to the atmosphere. For example, when an organic-emissions-control agent is an opacity-control agent, the emissions monitor has the capability of at least measuring opacity. When included, the controller communicates with at least the emissions-control-agent dispenser and the emissions monitor.
1. A fuel usable in a fossil-fuel-fired system to control the emissions communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere, the fuel comprising:
a. at least one combustible material; and
b. an organic-emissions-control agent comprising a particulate superabsorbent polymer having a size less than about 850 μm at an amount of from:
(i) about 0.01 weight % to about 0.5 weight % of the fuel fed to the furnace of the fossil-fuel-fired system, or
(ii) about 0.2 pound/ton of fuel to about 10 pounds/ton of the fuel fed to said furnace,
wherein the organic-emissions-control agent is capable of interacting with one of the fuel, the combustion products of the fuel, and the fuel and combustion products of the fuel so as to reduce the emission of at least one aspect of the flue-gas thereby controlling the emissions communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere.
2. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein said fuel is capable of flowing through the fossil-fuel-fired system without clogging the fossil-fuel-fired system.
3. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein said organic-emissions-control agent is capable of absorbing from about 10 to about 30 times its weight of aqueous fluids.
4. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the superabsorbent-polymer has an average particle size of at least about 200 μm.
5. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein said organic-emissions-control agent is from about 0.05 weight % to about 0.25 weight %, or about 1 pound/ton of fuel to about 5 pounds/ton of the combustible material fed to said fossil-fuel-fired system.
6. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein said combustible material is a fossil fuel.
7. The fuel according to claim 6 , wherein said fossil fuel is coal, peat, petroleum, coke, petroleum coke, or combinations thereof.
8. The fuel according to claim 6 , wherein said fossil fuel is coal.
9. The fuel according to claim 8 , wherein said coal is from about 1 μm to about 10 μm in size.
10. The fuel according to claim 8 , wherein said coal is from about 1 mm to about 10 mm in size.
11. The fuel according to claim 8 , wherein said coal is in the form of a filter cake, milled coal, pulverized coal, crushed coal, or combinations thereof.
12. The fuel according to claim 8 , wherein said coal is raw coal, refined coal, combustion-grade fuel, or combinations thereof.
13. A fuel usable in a fossil-fuel-fired system to control the opacity of the flue-gas communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere, the fuel comprising:
a. at least one fossil fuel; and
b. an opacity-control agent comprising a particulate superabsorbent polymer having a size less than about 850 μm at an amount of from:
(i) about 0.01 weight % to about 0.5 weight % of the fossil fuel, or
(ii) about 0.2 pound/ton of fuel to about 10 pounds/ton of the fossil fuel,
wherein the opacity-control agent is capable of interacting with one of the fuel, the combustion products of the fuel, and the fuel and combustion products of the fuel so as to reduce the opacity of the flue-gas communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere.
14. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein said fuel is capable of flowing through the fossil-fuel-fired system without clogging the fossil-fuel-fired system.
15. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein the opacity of the flue-gas communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere is substantially less than or substantially equal to a prescribed value.
16. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein the opacity of the flue-gas communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere is substantially less than or substantially equal to about 40.
17. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein the opacity of the flue-gas communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere is substantially less than or substantially equal to about 30.
18. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein the opacity of the flue-gas communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere is less than or equal to about 20.
19. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein the opacity of the flue-gas communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere is substantially less than or substantially equal to about 10.
20. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein the superabsorbent-polymer has an average particle size of at least about 200 μm.
21. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein said opacity-control agent is from about 0.05 weight % to about 0.25 weight %, or about 1 pound/ton of fuel to about 5 pounds/ton of the fossil fuel fed into said fossil-fuel-fired system.
22. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein said fossil fuel is coal, peat, petroleum, coke, petroleum coke, or combinations thereof.
23. The fuel according to claim 13 , wherein said fossil fuel is coal.
24. The fuel according to claim 23 , wherein said coal is from about 1 μm to about 10 μm in size.
25. The fuel according to claim 23 , wherein said coal is from about 1 mm to about 10 mm in size.
26. The fuel according to claim 23 , wherein said coal is in the form of a filter cake, milled coal, pulverized coal, crushed coal, or combinations thereof.
27. The fuel according to claim 23 , wherein said coal is raw coal, refined coal, combustion-grade fuel, or combinations thereof.
28. A fuel usable in a fossil-fuel-fired system to control the emissions communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere, the fuel comprising:
a. at least one combustible material;
b. an organic-emissions-control agent; and
c. an opacity-control agent;
wherein said organic-emissions-control agent, said opacity-control agent, or combinations thereof, is capable of interacting with one of the fuel, the combustion products of the fuel, and the fuel and combustion products so as to reduce the emission of at least one aspect of the flue-gas thereby controlling the emissions communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere; and
wherein said organic-emissions-control agent, said opacity-control agent, or combinations thereof, comprise a particulate superabsorbent-polymer having a size less than about 850 μm at an amount of from:
(i) about 0.01 weight % to about 0.5 weight %, or
(ii) about 0.2 pound/ton of fuel to about 10 pounds/ton of said combustible material.
29. The fuel according to claim 28 , wherein said organic-emissions-control agent, said opacity-control agent, or combinations thereof, is capable of interacting with one of the fuel, the combustion products of the fuel, and the fuel and combustion products so as to reduce the opacity of the flue-gas communicated by the fossil-fuel-fired system into the atmosphere.
30. The fuel according to claim 28 , wherein said fuel is capable of flowing through the fossil-fuel-fired system without clogging the fossil-fuel-fired system.
31. The fuel according to claim 28 , wherein said superabsorbent-polymer has an average particle size of at least about 200 μm.
32. The fuel according to claim 28 , wherein said opacity-control agent, said organic-emissions-control agent, or combinations thereof, is from about 0.05 weight % to about 0.25 weight %, or about 1 pound/ton of fuel to about 5 pounds/ton of the combustible material fed into said fossil-fuel-fired system.
33. The fuel according to claim 28 , wherein said combustible material is a fossil fuel.
34. The fuel according to claim 33 , wherein said fossil fuel is coal, peat, petroleum, coke, petroleum coke, or combinations thereof.
35. The fuel according to claim 33 , wherein said fossil fuel is coal.
36. The fuel according to claim 35 , wherein said coal is from about 1 μm to about 10 μm in size.
37. The fuel according to claim 35 , wherein said coal is from about 1 mm to about 10 mm in size.
38. The fuel according to claim 35 , wherein said coal is in the form of a filter cake, milled coal, pulverized coal, crushed coal, or combinations thereof.
39. The fuel according to claim 35 , wherein said coal is raw coal, refined coal, combustion-grade fuel, or combinations thereof.