Cooling of localized areas of the body for cerebral blood flow augmentation
Methods are described for augmenting cerebral blood flow and altering sympathetic nerve firing and catecholamine release by cooling a part of the body. In particular localized cooling of the nose or mouth is used to augment cerebral blood flow and alter sympathetic nerve firing. By cooling a localized area such as nose or mouth, release of norepinephrine after an ischemic event is inhibited. The methods described may be applied to augment cerebral blood flow and alter catecholamine release, particularly in treatment of stroke, heart attack and transient ischemic event.
1. A method of augmenting cerebral blood flow comprising cooling a part of the body of a patient in need thereof, wherein cooling is discontinuous and is reapplied when the cerebral blood flow falls below a predetermined value.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the part of the body is selected from nose, mouth, pharynx, hands, feet, finger(s), toe(s), neck, shoulders and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the body part is cooled to 0.5 to 4° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the body part is cooled to 1-3° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the body part is cooled to about 2° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling is for 1-60 minutes.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling is transcutaneous or endovascular.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises cooling the nose or mouth.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein cooling is by a nasopharyngeal device.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein cerebral blood flow is measured by transcranial Doppler or Carotid Doppler.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein sympathetic firing is inhibited.
12. A method of increasing cerebral blood flow during or after an ischemic event comprising cooling the nose and/or mouth of a patient in need thereof, wherein cooling is discontinuous and is reapplied when the cerebral blood flow falls below a predetermined value, and whereby cerebral blood flow is increased.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein cooling the nose and/or mouth is to 0.5 to 4° C.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein cooling the nose and/or mouth is to 1-3° C.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein cooling the nose and/or mouth is to about 2° C.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein cooling is for 1-60 minutes.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method comprises cooling the nose.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein cooling is by a nasopharyngeal device.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein cerebral blood flow is measured by transcranial Doppler or Carotid Doppler.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the ischemic event is selected from the group consisting of cardiac arrest, stroke, and transient ischemic attack.