PEM fuel cell stack inlet water regulation system
A fuel cell assembly is provided that includes a fluid collection member disposed in a fluid inlet for a reactant, wherein the fluid collection member militates against liquid water on an inner surface of the fluid inlet from being received by a fuel cell of the fuel cell assembly.
1. A fluid regulation system for a fuel cell stack comprising:
a fluid inlet formed in an end plate and providing a flow path for a reactant gas to a fuel cell of the fuel cell stack, the fluid inlet adjacent to and in fluid communication with an inlet header of the fuel cell stack;
a fluid collection member formed in a surface forming the fluid inlet upstream from the inlet header; the fluid collection member is a groove having a downstream edge adapted to collect a liquid flowing through the fluid inlet, upstream of the inlet header; and
a fluid conduit formed in the end plate adjacent the fluid inlet and in fluid communication with the fluid collection member, the fluid conduit providing a flow path to drain the liquid from the fluid collection member.
2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a flow restrictor disposed in the fluid conduit to control a flow of the reactant gas therethrough.
3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the flow restrictor is one of a nozzle, a wicking material, and a hydrophilic porous element.
4. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the flow restrictor restricts a flow of the reactant gas through the fluid conduit to less than about one percent of a total flow of the reactant gas flowing through the fluid inlet.
5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid inlet includes a bend formed therein to facilitate the collection of the liquid flowing through the fluid inlet on an interior surface of the fluid inlet.
6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the fluid inlet is oriented in a horizontal position to facilitate the collection of the liquid flowing through the fluid inlet on an interior surface of the fluid inlet.
7. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a porous element disposed in the fluid inlet effective to collect a liquid water from the reactant gas flowing therethrough, the reactant gas flowing through the porous element prior to flowing into the fuel cell;
a second fluid collection member formed in the fluid inlet adapted to receive liquid collected by the porous element; and
a second fluid conduit in fluid communication with the second fluid collection member providing a flow path to drain liquid from the second fluid collection member.
8. The system according to claim 7 , wherein the porous element is one of a hydrophilic material and a hydrophobic material.
9. The system according to claim 7 , including a second flow restrictor disposed in the second fluid conduit to control a flow of the reactant gas therethrough, wherein the second flow restrictor is at least one of a nozzle, a wicking material, and a hydrophilic porous element.
10. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the second flow restrictor restricts a flow of the reactant gas through the second fluid conduit to less than about one percent of a total flow of the reactant gas flowing through the fluid inlet.
11. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid inlet is one of an anode inlet and a cathode inlet.
12. A fuel cell stack assembly comprising:
a first end plate and a spaced apart second end plate;
at least one fuel cell disposed between the first end plate and the second end plate;
a fluid inlet formed in the first end plate and providing a flow path for a reactant gas to the at least one fuel cell, the fluid inlet adjacent to and in fluid communication with an inlet header of the fuel cell stack;
a fluid collection member formed in a surface forming the fluid inlet upstream from the inlet header, the fluid collection member is a groove having a downstream edge adapted to collect a liquid flowing through the fluid inlet upstream of the inlet header;
a fluid conduit formed in the first end plate adjacent to the inlet and in fluid communication with the fluid collection member, the fluid conduit providing a flow path to drain the liquid from the fluid collection member; and
a flow restrictor disposed in the fluid conduit to control the flow of the reactant gas therethrough.
13. The fuel cell stack assembly according to claim 12 , wherein the flow restrictor is one of a nozzle, a wicking material, and a hydrophilic porous element.
14. The fuel cell stack assembly according to claim 12 , wherein the fluid collection member is a groove formed in and circumscribing a surface forming the fluid inlet.
15. The fuel cell stack assembly according to claim 14 , wherein the groove is generally v-shaped.
16. The fuel cell stack assembly according to claim 12 , further comprising:
a porous element disposed in the fluid inlet effective to collect a liquid water from the reactant gas flowing therethrough, the reactant gas flowing through the porous element prior to flowing into the fuel cell;
a second fluid collection member formed in the fluid inlet adapted to receive the liquid collected by the porous element; and
a second fluid conduit in fluid communication with the second fluid collection member providing a flow path to drain the liquid from the second fluid collection member.
17. The fuel cell stack assembly according to claim 16 , wherein the porous element is one of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic material.
18. The fuel cell stack assembly according to claim 16 , including a flow restrictor disposed in the second fluid conduit to control the flow of the reactant gas therethrough, wherein the flow restrictor is at least one of a nozzle, a wicking material, and a hydrophilic porous element.
19. A method of regulating liquid water flowing into a fuel cell comprising the steps of:
providing a first end plate and a spaced apart second end plate;
providing at least one fuel cell between the first end plate and the second end plate;
providing a fluid inlet formed in the first end plate and in fluid communication with an inlet header of the at least one fuel cell to provide a flow of a reactant gas to the at least one fuel cell;
collecting liquid flowing within the fluid inlet upstream from the inlet header in a fluid collection member formed in a surface forming the fluid inlet, wherein the fluid collection member is a groove including a downstream edge adapted to collect the liquid; and
draining the liquid from the fluid collection member through a fluid conduit formed in the end plate adjacent to the inlet and in fluid communication with the fluid collection member.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising the steps of:
providing a porous element in the fluid inlet effective to collect a liquid water from the reactant gas flowing therethrough, the reactant gas flowing through the porous element prior to flowing into the fuel cell;
receiving the liquid collected by the porous element in a second fluid collection member formed in the fluid inlet; and
draining the liquid from the second fluid collection member.