Benchmarks for digital watermarking

1. A method comprising:

obtaining data representing video or audio at a watermark encoder;

transforming the data into a transform domain;

analyzing the transform domain to identify a plurality of transform coefficients according to a predetermined criteria;

altering the plurality of transform coefficients to cause the data to carry a digital watermark; and

analyzing the data that is carrying the digital watermark to determine a metric.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital watermark comprises a calibration signal.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

transforming the data that is carrying the digital watermark into a second transform domain;

analyzing the second transform domain to identify a second plurality of transform coefficients according to a second predetermined criteria;

altering the second plurality of transform coefficients to cause the data to carry a second digital watermark wherein the second digital watermark comprises the metric.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the second digital watermark comprises a fragile watermark.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data that is carrying the digital watermark is analyzed after the data is rendered.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

transforming the data without the digital watermark into a second transform domain;

analyzing the second transform domain to identify a second plurality of transform coefficients according to a second predetermined criteria;

altering the second plurality of transform coefficients to cause the data to carry a second digital watermark wherein the second digital watermark comprises the metric.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital watermark comprises a payload that indicates at least one of a type of the data, an indication of how the metric was calculated, a location of a second digital watermark, a trace identifier, a link to a network resource, a type of data creation device, an orientation of the data or a multibit payload message.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the payload is encrypted.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital watermark is determined based on at least one of a perceptual analysis of a media signal, a mask, a human visual consideration, a robustness requirement, or a required signal gain.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined criteria comprises at least one of an indication of a content of the data or a perceptual hash of the data.

11. A method comprising:

obtaining data representing video or audio at a watermark encoder;

compressing the data by transforming the data into a transform domain;

analyzing the transform domain to identify a plurality of transform coefficients; and

altering the plurality of transform coefficients to carry a digital watermark, in which the digital watermark is provided so as to allow detection of signal compression.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the digital watermark comprises a calibration signal.

13. A method comprising:

obtaining data representing video or audio at a receiver, wherein the data comprises a digital watermark;

decoding the digital watermark at the receiver;

decoding a first metric from the digital watermark;

measuring a second metric from the data representing the video or audio; and

generating an indication about the data based on a comparison of the first metric and the second metric wherein the indication indicates at least one of an authentic data source, an unaltered state, a quality measurement of the data, or a type of rendering device.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the indication comprises a measurement of a tolerance between the first metric and the second metric.

15. A device comprising:

a receiver configured to

obtain data representing video or audio; and

a watermark encoder operatively coupled to the receiver and configured to

transform the data into a transform domain,

analyze the transform domain to identify a plurality of transform coefficients according to a predetermined criteria,

alter the plurality of transform coefficients to cause the data to carry a digital watermark; and

analyze the data that is carrying the digital watermark to determine a metric.

16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the digital watermark comprises a calibration signal.

17. The device of claim 15 , further comprising:

a second watermark encoder operatively coupled to the receiver and the watermark encoder, configured to:

transform the data that is carrying the digital watermark into a second transform domain;

analyze the second transform domain to identify a second plurality of transform coefficients according to a second predetermined criteria;

alter the second plurality of transform coefficients to cause the data to carry a second digital watermark wherein the second digital watermark comprises the metric.

18. The device of claim 17 , wherein the second digital watermark is a fragile watermark.

19. The device of claim 15 , wherein the data that is carrying the digital watermark is analyzed after the data is rendered.

20. The device of claim 15 , further comprising:

a second watermark encoder operatively coupled to the receiver and the watermark encoder, configured to:

transform the data without the digital watermark into a second transform domain;

analyze the second transform domain to identify a second plurality of transform coefficients according to a second predetermined criteria;

alter the second plurality of transform coefficients to cause the data to carry a second digital watermark wherein the second digital watermark comprises the metric.

21. The device of claim 15 , wherein the digital watermark comprises a payload that indicates at least one of a type of the data, an indication of how the metric was calculated, a location of a second digital watermark, a trace identifier, a link to a network resource, a type of data creation device, an orientation of the data or a multibit payload message.

22. The device of claim 21 , wherein the payload is encrypted.

23. The device of claim 15 , wherein the digital watermark is determined based on at least one of a perceptual analysis of a media signal, a mask, a human visual consideration, a robustness requirement, or a required signal gain.

24. The device of claim 15 , wherein the predetermined criteria comprises at least one of an indication of a content of the data or a perceptual hash of the data.

25. A device comprising:

a receiver configured to

obtain data representing video or audio; and

a watermark encoder operatively coupled to the receiver and configured to

compress the data by transforming the data into a transform domain,

analyze the transform domain to identify a plurality of transform coefficients, and

alter the plurality of transform coefficients to carry a digital watermark, in which the digital watermark is provided so as to allow detection of signal compression.

26. The device of claim 25 , wherein the digital watermark comprises a calibration signal.

27. A device comprising:

a receiver configured to

obtain data representing video or audio comprising a digital watermark; and

a watermark decoder operatively coupled to the receiver and configured to

decode the digital watermark;

decode a first metric from the digital watermark;

measure a second metric from the data representing the video or audio; and

generate an indication about the data based on a comparison of the first metric and the second metric wherein the indication indicates at least one of an authentic data source, an unaltered state, a quality measurement of the data, or a type of rendering device.

28. The device of claim 27 , wherein the indication comprises a measurement of a tolerance between the first metric and the second metric.

29. A non-transitory computer readable media comprising instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:

instructions to obtain data representing video or audio;

instructions to transform the data into a transform domain;

instructions to analyze the transform domain to identify a plurality of transform coefficients according to a predetermined criteria;

instructions to alter the plurality of transform coefficients to cause the data to carry a digital watermark; and

instructions to analyze the data that is carrying the digital watermark to determine a metric.

30. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 29 , wherein the digital watermark comprises a calibration signal.

31. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 29 , further comprising:

instructions to transform the data that is carrying the digital watermark into a second transform domain;

instructions to analyze the second transform domain to identify a second plurality of transform coefficients according to a second predetermined criteria;

instructions to alter the second plurality of transform coefficients to cause the data to carry a second digital watermark wherein the second digital watermark comprises the metric.

32. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 31 , wherein the second digital watermark is a fragile watermark.

33. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 29 , wherein the data that is carrying the digital watermark is analyzed after the data is rendered.

34. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 29 , further comprising:

instructions to transform the data without the digital watermark into a second transform domain;

instructions to analyze the second transform domain to identify a second plurality of transform coefficients according to a second predetermined criteria;

instructions to alter the second plurality of transform coefficients to cause the data to carry a second digital watermark wherein the second digital watermark comprises the metric.

35. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 29 , wherein the digital watermark comprises a payload that indicates at least one of a type of the data, an indication of how the metric was calculated, a location of a second digital watermark, a trace identifier, a link to a network resource, a type of data creation device, an orientation of the data or a multibit payload message.

36. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 35 , wherein the payload is encrypted.

37. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 29 , wherein the digital watermark is determined based on at least one of a perceptual analysis of a media signal, a mask, a human visual consideration, a robustness requirement, or a required signal gain.

38. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 29 , wherein the predetermined criteria comprises at least one of an indication of a content of the data or a perceptual hash of the data.

39. A non-transitory computer readable media comprising instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:

instructions to obtain data representing video or audio; and

instructions to compress the data by transforming the data into a transform domain,

instructions to analyze the transform domain to identify a plurality of transform coefficients, and

instructions to alter the plurality of transform coefficients to carry a digital watermark, in which the digital watermark is provided so as to allow detection of signal compression.

40. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 39 , wherein the digital watermark comprises a calibration signal.

41. A non-transitory computer readable media comprising instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:

instructions to obtain data representing video or audio comprising a digital watermark; and

instructions to decode the digital watermark;

instructions to decode a first metric from the digital watermark;

instructions to measure a second metric from the data representing the video or audio; and

instructions to generate an indication about the data based on a comparison of the first metric and the second metric wherein the indication indicates at least one of an authentic data source, an unaltered state, a quality measurement of the data, or a type of rendering device.

42. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 41 , wherein the indication comprises a measurement of a tolerance between the first metric and the second metric.