Self-supporting unit of synthetic aggregate and method and apparatus for making same
The drainage element is initially made of cylindrical cross-section and shaped into a rectangular cross-section. A glue is sprayed onto the expanded polymeric elements during fabrication of the drainage element to maintain the rectangular cross-section when dried. The drainage element may be provided with a pipe, perforated or not, and end caps that close off the ends of the drainage element and that serve to connect to like drainage elements.
1 . A method of making a self-supporting unit comprising the steps of
directing a flow of aggregate of expanded polymeric elements having a coating of an adhesive thereon into a passageway of predetermined cross-sectional shape;
moving the polymeric elements longitudinally along said passageway while compressing the polymeric elements against each other to form a cohesive mass having a cross-sectional shape corresponding to said cross-sectional shape of said passageway;
passing the shaped cohesive mass of polymeric elements out of said passageway; and
drying the shaped cohesive mass to dry said adhesive and to form a self-supporting unit.
2 . A method as set forth in claim 1 further comprising the step of cutting the shaped unit into discrete individual predetermined lengths.
3 . A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said predetermined cross-sectional shape is rectangular.
4 . A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said adhesive is a water soluble starch based adhesive
5 . A method of making a drainage element comprising the steps of
positioning a tube of material having at least one water permeable section on a tubular sleeve;
closing a free end of the tube of material;
supplying an aggregate of expanded polymeric elements into the tube of material while simultaneously moving the tube of material from the sleeve to form a tubular unit, said polymeric elements having a coating of an adhesive thereon for adhering contiguous polymeric elements together;
closing the tube of material upstream of the supplied polymeric elements to retain said polymeric elements within the tube of material and to form a tubular unit;
shaping the tubular unit into an approximately rectangular cross-sectional shape; and
thereafter drying the shaped unit at a temperature sufficient to cure the adhesive and to adhere contiguous polymeric elements together.
6 . A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein said tube of material has at least a first part-circumferential portion having a plurality of openings therein for passage of water therethrough and a second part-circumferential portion having a porosity to prevent the passage of dirt therethrough.
7 . A method as set forth in claim 5 further comprising the step of cutting the shaped unit into discrete individual predetermined lengths to form a plurality of drainage elements.
8 . A method of making a drainage element comprising the steps of
positioning a tube of material having at least one water permeable section on a tubular sleeve;
positioning an elongated length of pipe within the tubular sleeve;
closing a free end of the tube of material onto a forward end of the pipe;
supplying an aggregate of expanded polymeric elements into the tube of material and about the pipe while simultaneously moving the tube of material and pipe from the sleeve, said polymeric elements having a coating of an adhesive thereon for adhering contiguous polymeric elements together;
closing the tube of material onto the pipe upstream of the supplied mass of polymeric elements to retain said polymeric elements within the tube of material and about the pipe to form a tubular unit;
shaping the tubular unit into a cross-sectional shape deformed from a circular shape; and
thereafter drying the shaped unit at a temperature sufficient to cure the adhesive and to adhere contiguous polymeric elements together.
9 . A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the tubular unit is shaped into an approximately rectangular cross-sectional shape.
10 . A method of making bale-shaped drainage elements comprising the steps of
positioning a tube of material having at least one water permeable section on a tubular sleeve;
positioning an elongated length of pipe within the tubular sleeve;
closing a free end of the tube of material onto a forward end of the pipe;
supplying an aggregate of expended polymeric elements into the tube of material and about the pipe while simultaneously moving the tube of material and pipe from the sleeve, said polymeric elements having a coating of an adhesive thereon for adhering contiguous polymeric elements together;
closing the tube of material onto the pipe upstream of the supplied polymeric elements to retain said polymeric elements within the tube of material and about the pipe to form a tubular unit;
shaping the tubular unit into a cross-sectional shape deformed from a circular shape;
thereafter drying the shaped unit at a temperature sufficient to cure the adhesive and to adhere contiguous polymeric elements together; and
cutting the shaped unit into discrete individual predetermined lengths to form a plurality of drainage elements.
11 . A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the tubular unit is shaped into an approximately rectangular cross-sectional shape.
12 . A method as set forth in claim 11 further comprising the step of placing an end cap over each end of a drainage unit to close each respective end of the drainage unit, each said end cap having an opening in alignment with the pipe within the drainage unit.
13 . A method as set forth in claim 12 further comprising the step of gluing each end cap to a respective end of the tubular unit.
14 . A self-supporting unit comprising
a plurality of expanded polymeric elements; and
an adhesive on said elements adhering said elements into an elongated self-supporting mass having a predetermined cross-sectional shape and length.
15 . A self-supporting unit as set forth in claim 14 wherein said cross-sectional shape is selected from one of a triangular shape, a polygonal shape, a circular shape and an oval shape.
16 . A self-supporting unit as set forth in claim 14 wherein said adhesive is a water soluble adhesive.
17 . A self-supporting unit as set forth in claim 14 wherein said adhesive is a water soluble starch based adhesive
18 . A self-supporting unit as set forth in claim 14 further comprising a perforated pipe extending within said mass for conducting a flow of liquid therethrough.
19 . A self-supporting drainage element comprising
a plurality of expended polymeric elements;
a water soluble starch based adhesive on said elements adhering said elements into an elongated mass having a predetermined cross-sectional shape; and
a perforated pipe extending within said mass for conducting a flow of liquid therethrough.
20 . A drainage element comprising
a tube of material having at least one water permeable peripheral section and a mass of expanded elements of polymeric material within said tube of material, said elements having a coating of an adhesive thereon adhering contiguous elements together; and
said tube of material and said elements defining a unit characterized in having a cross-sectional shape deformed from a circular shape.
21 . A drainage element as set forth in claim 20 wherein said cross-sectional shape is approximately rectangular.
22 . A drainage element as set forth in claim 20 further comprising an end cap secured to each respective end of said unit to retain said elements within said tube of material.
23 . A drainage element as set forth in claim 22 wherein said end cap is porous.
24 . A drainage element as set forth in claim 20 further comprising an elongated perforated pipe extending within said unit and an end cap secured to each respective end of said unit to retain said elements within said tube of material, said end cap having an opening in communication with said pipe.
25 . An apparatus comprising
a hopper for delivering a flow of expanded polymeric elements;
means for spraying an adhesive onto the flow of polymeric elements; and
a plurality of longitudinally arranged endless conveyor belts defining a passageway of predetermined cross-sectional shape for receiving a flow of polymeric elements from said hopper with adhesive thereon, for moving the polymeric elements longitudinally along said passageway while pressing the polymeric elements against each other to form a cohesive mass having a cross-sectional shape corresponding to said cross-sectional shape of said passageway and for expelling the cohesive mass as a self-supporting unit from said passageway.
26 . An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 further comprising a heater for heating at least one of said conveyor belts for drying of the adhesive within said passageway.
27 . An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein each said conveyor belt has a Teflon coating thereon.
28 . An apparatus as set forth in claim 25 wherein opposed pairs of said plurality of conveyor belts are disposed in converging relation to each other to define a passageway of decreasing cross-section to compress said cohesive mass passing therethrough.