MASTHEAD AMPLIFIER UNIT
An amplifier unit to adapted to be placed in an antenna mast of a radio system that uses time division duplex. The amplifier unit includes transmitting and receiving branches in parallel, with the transmitting branch being used as a bypass path for a low noise amplifier (LNA) in the receiving branch. The unit is set to the transmitting mode, receiving mode and bypass mode by means of pin diode switches. A passive bypass mode comes into effect automatically, if the unit loses its supply voltage. At least one pin switch is located transversely in the transmitting branch for switching off the unit, when it is set to the receiving mode. The structure of the unit advantageously includes another, redundant, transmitting branch with series switches, which branch is used for improving the characteristics of the transmission path for transmitting signals, when the biasing of the pin switches is possible.
1 . An amplifier unit to be mounted to an antenna mast, comprising:
a transmitting branch;
a receiving branch with a low-noise amplifier (LNA), an output of said transmitting branch and an input of said receiving branch are coupled together for connection to an antenna by a shared line, and an input of said transmitting branch and an output of said receiving branch are coupled together for connection to a shared intermediate cable that leads down from the mast, said unit has a transmitting and a receiving mode that function in accordance with the time division duplex (TDD) technique and an active mode and a passive bypass mode operative if the LNA gain disappears, the transmitting branch serves as a transmission path of a receiving signal in the active bypass mode, and
to set a mode, at least one pin switch in series with the LNA to switch the receiving branch off in the transmitting mode and at least one pin switch transversely in the transmitting branch to switch it off in the receiving mode, the amplifier unit then being automatically in the passive bypass mode, when its supply voltage has vanished.
2 . An amplifier unit according to claim 1 , wherein further comprises a second transmitting branch with at least one pin switch in series to improve on the characteristics of a transmission path of a transmitting signal as far as intermodulation distortion (IMD) is concerned, when the biasing of the pin switches is possible.
3 . An amplifier unit according to claim 1 , wherein the output of the transmitting branch and the input of the receiving branch are coupled directly together resulting in a first node, and the input of the transmitting branch and the output of the receiving branch are coupled directly together resulting in a second node.
4 . An amplifier unit according to claim 1 , wherein it further comprises a first circulator with an antenna port, a receiving port and a transmitting port and a second circulator with a base station port to be connected to said intermediate cable, a receiving port and a transmitting port, in which case the output of the transmitting branch is connected to the transmitting port of the first circulator and the input of the receiving branch is connected to the receiving port of the first circulator, and the input of the transmitting branch is connected to the transmitting port of the second circulator and the output of the receiving branch is connected to the receiving port of the second circulator.
5 . An amplifier unit according to claim 2 , wherein the output of both transmitting branches and the input of the receiving branch are coupled directly together resulting in a first node, and the input of both transmitting branches and the output of the receiving branch are coupled directly together resulting in a second node.
6 . An amplifier unit according to claim 2 , wherein it further comprises a first circulator with an antenna port, a receiving port and a transmitting port and a second circulator with a base station port to be connected to said intermediate cable, a receiving port and a transmitting port, in which case the output of the second transmitting branch is connected to the transmitting port of the first circulator and the input of the receiving branch is connected to the receiving port of the first circulator, and the input of the second transmitting branch is connected to the transmitting port of the second circulator and the output of the receiving branch is connected to the receiving port of the second circulator, and the output of the first transmitting branch is connected to the antenna port of the first circulator and the input of the first transmitting branch is connected to the base station port of the second circulator.
7 . An amplifier unit according to claim 3 , wherein the receiving branch comprises, in order from the first node to the second node, at the operating frequencies, a quarter wave transmission line, a pin switch transversely, a quarter wave transmission line, a pin switch in series, a LNA, a pin switch in series, a transmission line having a length about the quarter wave, a pin switch transversely and a quarter wave transmission line.
8 . An amplifier unit according to claim 1 , wherein the number of the pin switches in the transmitting branch is three, and the transmission path of the transmitting branch is divided to four portions with a length of the quarter wave at the operating frequencies so that there is one of said pin switches between every two successive portions.
9 . An amplifier unit according to claim 5 , wherein the number of the pin switches in the second transmitting branch is three, one of them being located at the input of the branch in question, the second one being located in the middle of the branch and the third one being located at the output of the branch, and a portion of the transmission path of the branch between two successive pin switches has a length of the quarter wave at the operating frequencies.
10 . An amplifier unit according to claim 1 , comprising a control unit to control the pin switches, wherein it comprises a directional coupler being located in the first transmitting branch to provide information about beginning of a TDD transmitting time slot, a measuring output of which directional coupler being connected to the control unit to set the amplifier unit to the transmitting mode for the duration of the TDD transmitting time slots.
11 . An amplifier unit according to claim 1 , comprising a control unit to control the pin switches, wherein the control unit is arranged to provide information about beginning of a TDD transmitting time slot from the base station through the intermediate cable CBL to set the amplifier unit to the transmitting mode for the duration of the TDD transmitting time slots.
12 . An amplifier unit according to claim 1 , which comprises a control unit to control the pin switches and the LNA of which is arranged to output a fault signal when it is damaged, wherein an output of the LNA fault signal is connected to the control unit to set the amplifier unit to the active bypass mode when the LNA is damaged.
13 . An amplifier unit according to claim 5 , wherein the receiving branch comprises, in order from the first node to the second node, at the operating frequencies a quarter wave transmission line, a pin switch transversely, a quarter wave transmission line, a pin switch in series, a LNA, a pin switch in series, a transmission line having a length about the quarter wave, a pin switch transversely and a quarter wave transmission line.