Ceramic material with a composition which is matched to a coefficient of thermal expansion specified by a metallic material
A non-conductive ceramic material contains a base ceramic material and at least one other ceramic material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the base material so that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the non-conductive ceramic material is identical to that of a metallic material to which it will be matched. Methods of making and using same are disclosed.
1. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body with a composition that is matched in such a way to a predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion of a metallic material to which it is connected in a substance-locking manner that the coefficients of thermal expansion are identical, comprising MgO as a ceramic base material having a high coefficient of thermal expansion and Al 2 O 3 or ZrO 2 or both as another ceramic material that has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the ceramic base material in such a quantity that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the non-conductive sintered ceramic body is identical with the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metallic material, and wherein the non-conductive sintered ceramic body has a bending strength ranging from 110-150 MPa.
2. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 1 , prepared by matching a first ceramic material with an effect that lowers the coefficient of thermal expansion of the base ceramic material having a high coefficient of thermal expansion to approximately the predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion and by adding a second ceramic material with an effect that lowers the coefficient of thermal expansion to a lesser extent then the first ceramic material for precise adjustment to the predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion.
3. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 1 , wherein the base material is magnesium oxide to which such a quantity of zirconium oxide is added that the material produced therefrom has a coefficient of thermal expansion that corresponds to the metallic material to which it is connected in a substance-locking manner.
4. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 3 , wherein the metallic material is a steel alloy, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel amounts to 13.3·10 −6 /K, and the non-conductive ceramic material connected to a steel plate is sintered from a substance mixture of 90% by weight magnesium oxide, with dopants included therein or impurities of up to 3% by weight and as a result an impurity-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion of 13.8·10 −6 /K, and 10% by weight zirconium oxide.
5. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 4 having a bending strength of 136 MPa, closed pores with a pore size between 5 μm and 10 μm, a density of 3.6 g/cm 3 , this corresponding to a theoretical density of 95%, and a breakdown strength of over 20 kV/mm.
6. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 1 , wherein the ceramic base material is magnesium oxide to which such a quantity of aluminum oxide is added such that the material produced therefrom has a coefficient of thermal expansion that corresponds to the metallic material to which it is connected in a substance-locking manner.
7. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 6 , wherein the metallic material is a steel alloy, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel amounts to 13.3·10 −6 /K, and the non-conductive ceramic material connected to a steel plate is sintered from a substance mixture of 97.5% by weight magnesium oxide, with dopants included therein or impurities of up to 3% by weight and as a result an impurity-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion of 13.8·10 −6 /K, and 2.5% by weight aluminum oxide.
8. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 7 having a bending strength of 110 MPa, closed pores with a pore size between 5 μm and 10 μm, a density of 3.36 g/cm 3 , this corresponding to a theoretical density of over 95%, and a breakdown strength of over 20 kV/mm.
9. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 1 , wherein the base material is magnesium oxide to which such a quantity of zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide is added that the material produced therefrom has a coefficient of thermal expansion that corresponds to the metallic material to which it is connected in a substance-locking manner.
10. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 9 , wherein the metallic material is steel having a coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel amounts to 13.3·10 −6 /K, and the non-conductive ceramic material connected to a steel plate is sintered from a substance mixture of 93.75% by weight magnesium oxide, with dopants included therein or impurities of up to 3% by weight and as a result an impurity-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion of 13.8·10 −6 /K, and 1.25% by weight aluminum oxide and also 5% by weight zirconium oxide.
11. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 10 having a bending strength of 115 MPa, closed pores with a pore size between 5 μm and 10 μm, a density of 3.5 g/cm 3 , this corresponding to a theoretical density of 94%, and a breakdown strength of over 20 kV/mm.
12. A non-conductive sintered ceramic body according to claim 1 , wherein the base material further comprises a quantity of MgAl 2 O 4 such that the material produced therefrom has a coefficient of thermal expansion that corresponds to the metallic material to which it is connected in a substance-locking manner.
13. A method for producing a non-conductive sintered ceramic of claim 1 comprising producing a sintered non-conductive ceramic with a composition that is matched in such a way to a coefficient of thermal expansion of a metallic material to which the ceramic material is connected in a substance-locking manner that the coefficients of thermal expansion are identical by adding to a ceramic base material with a coefficient of thermal expansion a proportion of at least another ceramic material that has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion to that of the ceramic base material, wherein the ceramic base material comprises MgO and the lower thermal expansion materials are Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , or both.
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein a ceramic material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion is matched to a predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion by adding to it in the first instance a first ceramic material with an effect that lowers the coefficient of thermal expansion greatly for rough approximation to the predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion and then a second ceramic material with an effect that lowers the coefficient of thermal expansion to a lesser extent for precise adjustment to the predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion.
15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one other ceramic material comprises zirconium oxide.
16. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the base material is magnesium oxide which contains production-dependent impurities, and wherein the at least one other ceramic material is zirconium oxide, and further comprising forming a metallic green body that is sintered at a temperature of 1550° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere to form a sintered body of a material with closed pores.
17. A method according to claim 15 , wherein the metallic material is a steel alloy, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel amounts to 13.3·10 −6 /K, and the material of the ceramic body connected to a steel plate is sintered from a substance mixture of 90% by weight magnesium oxide, with an impurity-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion of 13.8·10 −6 /K, and 10% by weight zirconium oxide.
18. A method according to claim 14 , wherein such a quantity of aluminum oxide is added to a base material magnesium oxide, wherein the material produced therefrom has a coefficient of thermal expansion that corresponds to the metallic material to which it is connected in a substance-locking manner.
19. A method according to claim 18 , wherein from the base material magnesium oxide, at least with the production-dependent usual impurities, and with the quantity of aluminum oxide that is to be added for the match to the predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion of the metallic material, a green body is produced that is sintered at a temperature of 1550° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere to form a sintered body of a material with closed pores.
20. A method according to claim 18 , wherein the metallic material is a steel alloy, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel amounts to 13.3·10 −6 /K, and the material of the ceramic body connected to a steel plate is sintered from a substance mixture of 97.5% by weight magnesium oxide, with an impurity-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion of 13.8·10 −6 /K, and 2.5% by weight aluminum oxide.
21. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one other ceramic material comprises quantity of zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide.
22. A method according to claim 21 , further comprising producing a green body with the mixture and sintering the green body at a temperature of 1550° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere to form a sintered body of a material with closed pores.
23. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the metallic material is a steel alloy, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel amounts to 13.3·10 −6 /K, and the material of the ceramic body connected to a steel plate is sintered from a substance mixture of 93.75% by weight magnesium oxide, with an impurity-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion of 13.8·10 −6 /K, 1.25% by weight aluminum oxide and 5% by weight zirconium oxide.
24. A method according to claim 14 , wherein a MgAl 2 O 4 is added to the base material.
25. A method according to claim 24 , wherein from the base material magnesium oxide, at least with the production-dependent usual impurities, with the quantity of MgAl 2 O 4 that is to be added for the match to the predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion of the metallic material, a green body is produced that is sintered at a temperature of 1550° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere to form a sintered body of a material with closed pores.
26. A method according to claim 25 , wherein the metallic material is a steel alloy, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel amounts to 13.3·10 −6 /K, and the material of the ceramic body connected to a steel plate is sintered from a substance mixture of 96.55% by weight magnesium oxide, with an impurity-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion of 13.8·10 −6 /K, and 3.45% by weight MgAl 2 O 4 .