Addressable Or Static Light Emitting, Power Generating Or Other Electronic Apparatus
The present invention provides an addressable or static electronic apparatus, such as a light emitting display or a power generating apparatus. An exemplary apparatus comprises a substrate having a plurality of cavities; a plurality of first conductors coupled to the substrate and at least partially within the cavities, with the plurality of first conductors having a first and substantially parallel orientation; a plurality of light emitting diodes, photovoltaic diodes or other electronic components coupled to the plurality of first conductors and having a second orientation substantially normal to the first orientation; and a plurality of substantially optically transmissive second conductors coupled to the plurality of diodes and having a third orientation substantially normal to the second orientation and substantially perpendicular to the first orientation. In an exemplary method, the plurality of electronic components in a suspending medium are deposited within the plurality of cavities, and the plurality of electronic components are oriented using an applied field, followed by a bonding of the plurality of electronic components to the plurality of first conductors.
1 . An addressable light emitting apparatus, comprising:
a substrate having a plurality of cavities;
a plurality of first conductors coupled to the substrate and at least partially within the cavities, the plurality of first conductors having a first and substantially parallel orientation;
a plurality of light emitting diodes coupled to the plurality of first conductors and having a second orientation substantially normal to the first orientation; and
a plurality of substantially optically transmissive second conductors coupled to the plurality of light emitting diodes and having a third orientation substantially normal to the second orientation and substantially perpendicular to the first orientation.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of third conductors coupled to the plurality of second conductors and having the third orientation.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a cured, optically transmissive and electrically insulating material coupled to each of the plurality of light emitting diodes.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is substantially flat and having a thickness of less than two millimeters.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises at least one of the following types of substrates: paper, coated paper, plastic coated paper, embossed paper, fiber paper, cardboard, poster paper, poster board, wood, plastic, rubber, fabric, glass, ceramic, concrete, or stone.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cavities are substantially elongated and have the first orientation.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cavities are substantially and partially hemispherically-shaped and are disposed in an array.
8 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of first conductors further comprise:
a first portion substantially disposed within the plurality of cavities; and
a second portion substantially elongated and disposed in the first orientation.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise a cured conductive ink or a cured conductive polymer.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise at least one of the following types of conductors in a cured form: a silver conductive ink, a copper conductive ink, a gold conductive ink, an aluminum conductive ink, a tin conductive ink, a carbon conductive ink, or a conductive polymer.
11 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of second conductors comprise an optically transmissive polymer.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of second conductors comprise at least one of the following types of optically transmissive polymers: antimony tin oxide, indium tin oxide, or polyethylene-dioxithiophene.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes are coupled to or within the plurality of first conductors by abutment.
14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes are annealed to or within the plurality of first conductors.
15 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first conductors, the plurality of light emitting diodes and the plurality of second conductors are deposited through a printing process.
16 . An apparatus, comprising:
a substrate having a plurality of cavities;
a plurality of first conductors coupled to the substrate and at least partially within the cavities, the plurality of first conductors having a first and substantially parallel orientation;
a plurality of electronic components coupled to the plurality of first conductors and having a second orientation substantially normal to the first orientation; and
a plurality of second conductors coupled to the plurality of electronic components and having a third orientation substantially normal to the second orientation and substantially perpendicular to the first orientation.
17 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are light emitting diodes or photovoltaic diodes.
18 . The apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising:
a plurality of third conductors coupled to the plurality of second conductors and having the third orientation.
19 . The apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising:
a cured, optically transmissive and electrically insulating material coupled to each of the plurality of electronic components.
20 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the substrate is substantially flat and having a thickness of less than two millimeters.
21 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the substrate comprises at least one of the following types of substrates: paper, coated paper, plastic coated paper, embossed paper, fiber paper, cardboard, poster paper, poster board, wood, plastic, rubber, fabric, glass, ceramic, concrete, or stone.
22 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of cavities are substantially elongated and have the first orientation.
23 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of cavities are substantially and partially hemispherically-shaped and are disposed in an array.
24 . The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the plurality of first conductors further comprise:
a first portion substantially disposed within the plurality of cavities; and
a second portion substantially elongated and disposed in the first orientation.
25 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise a cured conductive ink or a cured conductive polymer.
26 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise at least one of the following types of conductors in a cured form: a silver conductive ink, a copper conductive ink, a gold conductive ink, an aluminum conductive ink, a tin conductive ink, a carbon conductive ink, or a conductive polymer.
27 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of second conductors are substantially optically transmissive.
28 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of second conductors comprise an optically transmissive polymer.
29 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of second conductors comprise at least one of the following types of optically transmissive polymers: antimony tin oxide, indium tin oxide, or polyethylene-dioxithiophene.
30 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are coupled to or within the plurality of first conductors by abutment.
31 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are annealed to or within the plurality of first conductors.
32 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of first conductors, the plurality of electronic components and the plurality of second conductors are deposited through a printing process.
33 . A light emitting apparatus, comprising:
a substrate;
a first conductor coupled to the substrate to form a singular, first conductive layer having a first and substantially flat orientation;
a plurality of light emitting diodes coupled to the first conductor and having a second orientation substantially normal to the first orientation; and
a substantially optically transmissive second conductor coupled to the plurality of light emitting diodes to form a singular, second conductive layer having the first and substantially flat orientation.
34 . The apparatus of claim 33 , further comprising:
a plurality of third conductors coupled to the second conductor.
35 . The apparatus of claim 33 , further comprising:
a cured, optically transmissive and electrically insulating material coupled to each of the plurality of light emitting diodes.
36 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the substrate is substantially flat and having a thickness of less than two millimeters.
37 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the substrate comprises at least one of the following types of substrates: paper, coated paper, plastic coated paper, embossed paper, fiber paper, cardboard, poster paper, poster board, wood, plastic, rubber, fabric, glass, ceramic, concrete, or stone.
38 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the substrate has a plurality of cavities which are substantially elongated and substantially parallel within the first orientation.
39 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the substrate has a plurality of cavities which are substantially and partially hemispherically-shaped and are disposed in an array.
40 . The apparatus of claim 39 , wherein the first conductor further comprises a plurality of first conductors, each of the first conductors having a first portion substantially disposed within the plurality of cavities; and a second portion substantially elongated and substantially parallel within the first orientation.
41 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the first conductor comprises a cured conductive ink or a cured conductive polymer.
42 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the first conductor comprises at least one of the following types of conductors in a cured form: a silver conductive ink, a copper conductive ink, a gold conductive ink, an aluminum conductive ink, a tin conductive ink, a carbon conductive ink, or a conductive polymer.
43 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the second conductor comprises an optically transmissive polymer.
44 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the second conductor comprises at least one of the following types of optically transmissive polymers: antimony tin oxide, indium tin oxide, or polyethylene-dioxithiophene.
45 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the first conductor further comprises a plurality of substantially parallel first conductors, and wherein the second conductor further comprises a plurality of second conductors, each of the second conductors substantially parallel and substantially perpendicular to the plurality of first conductors.
46 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes are coupled to or within the first conductor by abutment.
47 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes are annealed to or within the plurality of first conductors.
48 . The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the first conductor, the plurality of light emitting diodes and the second conductor are deposited through a printing process.
49 . A power generating apparatus, comprising:
a substrate;
a first conductor coupled to the substrate to form a singular, first conductive layer having a first and substantially flat orientation;
a plurality of photovoltaic diodes coupled to the first conductor and having a second orientation substantially normal to the first orientation; and
a substantially optically transmissive second conductor coupled to the plurality of photovoltaic diodes to form a singular, second conductive layer having the first and substantially flat orientation.
50 . The apparatus of claim 49 , further comprising:
a plurality of third conductors coupled to the second conductor.
51 . The apparatus of claim 49 , further comprising:
a cured, optically transmissive and electrically insulating material coupled to each of the plurality of photovoltaic diodes.
52 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the substrate is substantially flat and having a thickness of less than two millimeters.
53 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the substrate comprises at least one of the following types of substrates: paper, coated paper, plastic coated paper, embossed paper, fiber paper, cardboard, poster paper, poster board, wood, plastic, rubber, fabric, glass, ceramic, concrete, or stone.
54 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the substrate has a plurality of cavities which are substantially elongated and substantially parallel within the first orientation.
55 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the substrate has a plurality of cavities which are substantially and partially hemispherically-shaped and are disposed in an array.
56 . The apparatus of claim 55 , wherein the first conductor further comprises a plurality of first conductors, each of the first conductors having a first portion substantially disposed within the plurality of cavities; and a second portion substantially elongated and substantially parallel within the first orientation.
57 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the first conductor comprises a cured conductive ink or a cured conductive polymer.
58 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the first conductor comprises at least one of the following types of conductors in a cured form: a silver conductive ink, a copper conductive ink, a gold conductive ink, an aluminum conductive ink, a tin conductive ink, a carbon conductive ink, or a conductive polymer.
59 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the second conductor comprises an optically transmissive polymer.
60 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the second conductor comprises at least one of the following types of optically transmissive polymers: antimony tin oxide, indium tin oxide, or polyethylene-dioxithiophene.
61 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the first conductor further comprises a plurality of substantially parallel first conductors, and wherein the second conductor further comprises a plurality of second conductors, each of the second conductors substantially parallel and substantially perpendicular to the plurality of first conductors.
62 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the plurality of photovoltaic diodes are coupled to or within the first conductor by abutment.
63 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the plurality of photovoltaic diodes are annealed to or within the plurality of first conductors.
64 . The apparatus of claim 49 , wherein the first conductor, the plurality of photovoltaic diodes and the second conductor are deposited through a printing process.
65 . An apparatus, comprising:
a substrate having a plurality of cavities;
a plurality of first conductors coupled to the substrate and at least partially within the cavities, the plurality of first conductors having a first and substantially parallel orientation;
a plurality of diodes coupled to the plurality of first conductors and having a second orientation substantially normal to the first orientation; and
a plurality of substantially optically transmissive second conductors coupled to the plurality of diodes and having a third orientation substantially normal to the second orientation and substantially perpendicular to the first orientation.
66 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of diodes are light emitting diodes or photovoltaic diodes.
67 . The apparatus of claim 65 , further comprising:
a plurality of third conductors coupled to the plurality of second conductors and having the third orientation.
68 . The apparatus of claim 65 , further comprising:
a cured, optically transmissive and electrically insulating material coupled to each of the plurality of diodes.
69 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the substrate is substantially flat and having a thickness of less than two millimeters.
70 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the substrate comprises at least one of the following types of substrates: paper, coated paper, plastic coated paper, embossed paper, fiber paper, cardboard, poster paper, poster board, wood, plastic, rubber, fabric, glass, ceramic, concrete, or stone.
71 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of cavities are substantially elongated and have the first orientation.
72 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of cavities are substantially and partially hemispherically-shaped and are disposed in an array.
73 . The apparatus of claim 72 , wherein the plurality of first conductors further comprise:
a first portion substantially disposed within the plurality of cavities; and
a second portion substantially elongated and disposed in the first orientation.
74 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise a cured conductive ink or a cured conductive polymer.
75 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise at least one of the following types of conductors in a cured form: a silver conductive ink, a copper conductive ink, a gold conductive ink, an aluminum conductive ink, a tin conductive ink, a carbon conductive ink, or a conductive polymer.
76 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of second conductors comprise an optically transmissive polymer.
77 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of second conductors comprise at least one of the following types of optically transmissive polymers: antimony tin oxide, indium tin oxide, or polyethylene-dioxithiophene.
78 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of diodes are coupled to or within the plurality of first conductors by abutment.
79 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of diodes are annealed to or within the plurality of first conductors.
80 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of first conductors, the plurality of diodes and the plurality of second conductors are deposited through a printing process.
81 . The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes is asymmetrically shaped to have a mushroom form, or an inverted-mushroom form, or a tower form.